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Unit 4 Water and Air

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Term
Definition
Aquifer   an underground layer of permeable rock that contains water  
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Atmosphere   the outer layer of gases of a large body in space  
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Biosphere   all living things on Earth, land, and water.  
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Cryosphere   the frozen layer of Earths surface  
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Condensation   the transfer of heat energy from one substance to another through contact (two objects touching)  
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Convection   the transfer of energy from place to place by the motion of heated gas or liquid in the Earth's mantel  
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Downwelling and Upwelling   when the water moves to different levels of depth due to surface currents  
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Evaporation   process by which liquid water turns to gas (water vapor)  
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Global Wind   wind belt that circles the Earth  
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Ground Water   the water beneath the surface of the ground (consisting mainly of surface water that has seeped down)  
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Hydrosphere   The water on or surrounding the Earth's surface (includes the water of the oceans and atmosphere)  
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Impermeable   Water can't pass through the substance  
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Lithosphere   The crust and upper mantel of the Earth  
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Ocean Current   A mass of moving ocean water  
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Permeability   the ability of water to pass through a porous rock or sediment  
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Pollution   the presence of harmful or poisonous substance in the enviorment  
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Precipitation   process by which water, in any form, falls from the atmosphere to Earth's surface  
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Radiation   energy that travels across distances as certain types of waves  
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Runoff   process of water flowing over the surface of the ground  
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Surface Water   water that collects on the surface of the ground  
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Transpiration   process of water evaporating through the leaves of plants  
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Watershed   The area of land where all the water that is under it or drains off of it goes (it collects to the same place)  
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Water Table   underground surface of soil or rock that is saturated with water  
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