Chermotherapy....Antibiotics
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbaenems
Vancomycin, Telavancin, Aztreonam
🗑
|
||||
| PENICILLINS | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bactericidal | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bacteriostatis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | narrow spectrum
given parentally
tx gram-positive cocci
4-salts: potassium PCN-G, Procaine PCN-G, Benzathine PCN-G, Sodium PCN-G
not absorbed well
eliminated in kidney
AE: allergy
Drug int:aminoglycosides, probenecid
PCN V or VK = good oral absorp
🗑
|
||||
| Penicillinase-Resistant PCNs | show 🗑
|
||||
| Broad Spectrum PCNs (Aminopenicillins) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TICARCILLIN, PIPERACILLIN
used for P. aeruginosa
frequently combined with aminoglycoside to inc. killing of pseudomonal organism, DON'T mix in same solution
🗑
|
||||
| Cephalosporins-Beta Lactam antibx | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CEFADROXIL, CEPHALEXIN, CEFAZOLIN
mostly gram + organisms, some gram-
destroyed by beta-lactamases
🗑
|
||||
| Second Generation Cephalosporins | show 🗑
|
||||
| Third Generation Cephalosporins | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 3rd generation, liver metabolism (not kidney), causes bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| show | CEFEPIME
CSF penetration
highest restistance to beta lactamase
highest activity against gram - bacteria and anaerobes
🗑
|
||||
| show | CEFAROLINE (new)
effective against MRSA
🗑
|
||||
| Carbapenems | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | IMIPENEM-given with cilstatin
MEROPENEM
ETRAPENEM
DORIPENEM-new for uncomplicated UTI, tx psedomonas
🗑
|
||||
| VANCOMYCIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell wall synthesis inhibitor
beta lactam antibx
narrow spectrum....only gram -
IV/IM
well tolerated
🗑
|
||||
| show | lipoglycoprotein
binds to bacterial cell membran and disrupts fxn, inhibits cell wall synthesis
gram + bacteria only
IV, renal excretion
AE: Redman syndrome, prolong QT interval, avoid during preg
🗑
|
||||
| FOSFOMYCIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bateriostatic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis: TETRACYCLINES | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | short-acting, eliminated by the kidney
food decreases oral absorption, low lipid solubility
🗑
|
||||
| show | Intermediate-acting, eliminated by the kidney
food decreases abosorption, moderate lipid solubility
🗑
|
||||
| show | Long-acting, eliminated by the liver
food decreases oral absorption
MINOCYCLINE-food does not decrease oral absorption
🗑
|
||||
| show | infections, acne, peptic ulcer disease (h. pylori), peridontal disease, prophylaxis for malaria
🗑
|
||||
| show | absorption: milk products, iron supplements, magnesium containing laxatives, and antiacids.....take 2hrs apart
AVOID in renal failure
🗑
|
||||
| show | N/V/D, discoloration to teeth, AVOID in preg., breast feeding, and children under 8 yrs,
suprainfection-overgrowth of drug resistent organisms especially C. Diff, can lead to CDAD, causing severe diarrhea,
hepatoxicity, renal toxicity, photosensitivity
🗑
|
||||
| show | profuse watery diarrhea, abd pain, fever, leukocytosis
can be fatal
tx: vancomycin or metronidazole, fluid, electrolyte replacement
🗑
|
||||
| Macrolides | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | can be used if allergic to PCN
used for strep resp infections, drug of choice for Legionnaires disease, whooping cough, diptheria
effective for chlamydia and pneumonia
AE: GI, supra infection, cardiotoxicity,
drug int: can inhibit hepatic metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| Macrolides: CLARITHROYCIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | used for resp tract infections, chancroid, OM, mycobacterium avium complex, C. trachoatis
AE: minimal GI and drug int.
🗑
|
||||
| show | broad spectrum
🗑
|
||||
| Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (oxazolidinones): LINEZOILID | show 🗑
|
||||
| Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (ketolides): TELETHROMYCIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | new class, separately they are bacteriostatic, together = bactericial, safe if allergic to PCN
uses: VRE, MRSA, drug resistant Strep pneum
AE: hepatoxicity, inhibit liver drug metabolizing enzyme
🗑
|
||||
| show | broad spectrum
tx: samonell, H flu, niesseria, strep pneum, B. frag, rickettsiae, clamydiae
bacteriostatic but can be cidal in high concentration
uses: life threatening infections
AE: reversible bone marrow depression, fatal aplastic anemia, gray synd
🗑
|
||||
| show | can cause serious injury to inner ear and kidney
narrow spectrum: gram - only
given parentally, does not cross BBB
excreted in kidney
AE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, hypersensitiviy, neuromus blockade
given w/PCN to cover gram + and -
🗑
|
||||
| Aminoglycosides MOA | show 🗑
|
||||
| Aminoglycoside Agents | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | aminoglycoside
used for serious infections cause by aerobic gram - bacilli (pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. Coli, klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus Mirabilis)
excreted in kidney
AE: nephrotoxicity, otoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| TOBRAMYCIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| AMIKACIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | broad spectrum antibx
analog of PABA
suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting folic acid synthesis
uses: UTI
AE: hypersensitivity (steven-johnson's syn, photosensitivity), hematolytic anemai with G6PD deficiency, Kernicterus (disposition of bilirubin i
🗑
|
||||
| Short-Acting Sulfonamide | show 🗑
|
||||
| Intermediate-Acting Sulfonamide | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | SULFACETAMIDE-eye infections
SILVER SULFADIAZINE- infections after burns
MAFENIDE-infections after burns
🗑
|
||||
| TRIMETHOPRIM | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fixed dose combo, broad spectrum
uses: UTI, pneumonia, GI infections, OM, shigellosis, bronchitis
AE: GI, rash, hypersensitivity, crystalluria, blood dyscraias, CNS effects, AVOID in preg and lactation
🗑
|
||||
| Fluoroquinolones "floxacin" | show 🗑
|
||||
| CIPROFLOXACIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | GI, HA, dizziness, candida of pharynx and vagina, tendon injury, c. diff infection, photosensitivity
Int: absorption decreased by: aluminum or magnesium antiacids, iron, zinc, sucralfae, milk & dairy
can inc warfarin or theophylline levels
🗑
|
||||
| METRONIDAZOLE (flagyl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| DAPTOMYCIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| RIFAMPIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| RIFAXIMIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | broad spectrum topical bactericidal agent
forms pores or holes in memebrane
often found in OTC antibacterial agents
🗑
|
||||
| BICITRACIN | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHOPRIM (bactrim)
FOSFOMYCIN
NITROFURANTOIN (macrobid)
FLUROUINOLINES (Cipro or Levofloxacin)
🗑
|
||||
| show | SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHOPRIM (bactrim)
FLUROUINOLINES (Cipro or Levofloxacin)
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHOPRIM (bactrim)
FLUROUINOLINES (Cipro or Levofloxacin)
CEPHALEXIN, CEFOTAXIME, CEFTRIAXONE
🗑
|
||||
| Complicated UTI treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | FLUOROUINOLONES (Cipro) follow by DOXYCYCLINE
🗑
|
||||
| show | bacteriostatic-low concentration
bactericidal-high concentration
uses: lower UTI, prophylaxis, recurrent UTIs
AE: GI, pulmonary rxn, hematologic effecs, peripheral neuropathy, birth defects, CNS effects
🗑
|
||||
| show | prodrug, decomposes into ammonia and formaldehyde causing denaturing of the bacteria
used for chronic lower UTIs
contraindicated in pts with renal disease or liver disease
🗑
|
||||
| Chlamydia Trachomatis treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | FLUOROUINOLINES: 1st drug: CEFTRIAXONE, 2nd drug: AZITHROMYCIN
🗑
|
||||
| Trichomonas vaginalis treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | must contain 2 or more drugs to which the organism is sensitive
🗑
|
||||
| First Line TB drug therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluroquinolones (Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
Kanamycin, amidacin, capreomycin, streptomycin
🗑
|
||||
| show | para-aminosalicylic acid, ethionamide, cycloserine
🗑
|
||||
| show | admin orally/IV, used in active TB (in combo), latent TB (alone or in combo with rifapentine)
🗑
|
||||
| Isoniazid MOA | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hepatoxicity-need monthly levels drawn, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects (seizures, dizziness, ataxia, depression), anemia-from Vit B6 deficiency, can give pyridoxine to prevent
🗑
|
||||
| Isoniazid Drug Interactions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | broad spectrum atnibx, inhibits protein systhesis, always give in combo to prevent resistence
🗑
|
||||
| show | Active TB, pulmonary TB (drug of choice), other bacterial infections, leprosy
🗑
|
||||
| Rifampin AE, drug interactions | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rifapentine and Rifabutin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pyrazinamide | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pyraziamide & Rifampin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pyraziamide AE | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ethambutol | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | optic neuritis = blurred vision, visual disturbances, allergic rxns, GI upset
🗑
|
||||
| show | second line drug for TB treatment, injectable antibx, bateriostatic, used for TB resistant to primary agents
🗑
|
||||
| Capreomycin AE | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Amikacin, Kanamycin, streptomycin, AE: kidney toxicity, ototoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Para-aminosalicylic Acid (PAS) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | similar to isoniazid, less active, used in TB tx
🗑
|
||||
| Cycloserine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | new drug, faster and better than all other TB drugs, inhibits ATP synthesis, causes prolonged QT interval and hepatoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| show | 4 drugs isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for 2 months
🗑
|
||||
| Tx for active TB Continuation phase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rifampin, pyrazinamide, themabutol x 6 months
🗑
|
||||
| Tx for latent TB | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | rifampin can interact with drugs used to tx HIV, use RIFABUTIN, = less likely to interact with HIV anitviral drugs
🗑
|
||||
| show | Azithromycin and clarithromycin used prophylactically
🗑
|
||||
| Tx fo active MAC infection | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | skin smears are (-), 1-5 skin lesions, tx: 6 months of rifampin and dapsone
🗑
|
||||
| show | skin smears are (+), 6 or > lesions, tx: 12 months of rifampin, dapson, clofazimine
🗑
|
||||
| Dapsone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | used to tx leprosy, always combined with rifampin or dapsone
🗑
|
||||
| Polyenes: Amphotericin B | show 🗑
|
||||
| Polyenes: Amphotericin B toxicity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | used for systemic fungal infections, AE: infusion rxn, nephrotoxicity (infuse saline), hypokalemia, bone marrow suppression
🗑
|
||||
| show | block synthesis of ergosterol, broad spectrum, alternative to amphotericin B, oral, inhibit CYP450 enzymes, can increase levels of other drugs
🗑
|
||||
| show | drug of choice for blastomycsis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, sportrichosis, and alternaitve for aspergillosis, candidiasis, cocciodiodomycosis
🗑
|
||||
| Azoles: Itraconazole AE/drug interaction | show 🗑
|
||||
| Other Zoles | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | disrupt fungal cell wall-used for candida infections, given IV
🗑
|
||||
| show | disrupt fungal cell wall-used for aspergillis and candida infections, given IV
🗑
|
||||
| show | narrow spectrum antifungal, can develop resistance, disrupts fungal DNA and RNA synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Pyrimidine Analog: Flucytosine-uses/AE | show 🗑
|
||||
| Agents for Superficial Fungal Infections | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | agent for superficial fungal infection that inhibition of squalene exposidase, which inhibits sysnthesis of ergosterol
🗑
|
||||
| Polyenes: Nystatin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Griseofulvin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | used for fungal infections of the nails
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1st choice for HSV and VZV, suppresses synthesis of viral DNA, oral/IV/topical, 1/2 life 2hrs. AE: reversible nephrotoxicity tx'd w/slow infusion and hydration,
🗑
|
||||
| show | tx HSV, prodrug converted to penciclovir, longer 1/2 life, higher blood levels than acyclovir
🗑
|
||||
| show | tx HSV, prodrug converted to acyclovir, longer 1/2 life, higher blood levels, more AE in immunosuppressed pts
🗑
|
||||
| Foscarnet | show 🗑
|
||||
| Penciclovir | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | topical drug used for cold sores, blocks viral entry into host cell, used for recurrent HSV
🗑
|
||||
| show | suppress replication of viral DNA.
Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir, Cidofovir, Foscarent
🗑
|
||||
| show | tx CMV, causes bone marrow suppression and some reproductive toxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Interferon Alfa-2b | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pegasys | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Interferon alfa-2b w/PEG, tx Hep C
🗑
|
||||
| Interferon Alfa-2b + Ribavurin (Rebetol) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Interferon Alfa-2b + Boceprevir or Telaprevir | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | flu-like symptoms, depression, bone marrow suppression, thyroid dysfxn, heart damage, Ribavurin is teratogenic and embryolethal can cause hemolytic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| Interferon Alfa-2b or Peginterfrom Alfa 2a | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tx Hep B, given orally inhibits viral DNA synthesis, tx pts with highest risk d/t prolonged tx
🗑
|
||||
| show | lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine, tenofovir
🗑
|
||||
| show | neuraminidase inhibitor (enzyme for viral replication), used to tx influenza, causes N/V and hypersensitivity rxn
🗑
|
||||
| show | antiviral used to tx RSV, inhaled or oral, category X, can precipitate in mechanical breathing apparatus, should not be used with resp assistance.
🗑
|
||||
| show | monoclonab antibody used for RSV prevention in preamature infants and those with chronic lung disease, causes hypersensitivity rxns
🗑
|
||||
| RTIs: Non-Nucleosides | show 🗑
|
||||
| RTIs: Nucleosides/Nucleotides | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tx HIV, given po/IV, short 1/2 life, penetrates CNS, causes anemia, neurtorpenia, and myopathy. used in pregnancy and delivery
🗑
|
||||
| RTI: Nucleosides/Nucleotides: Didanosine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tx HIV, oral, causes fatal hypersensitivity rxn
🗑
|
||||
| RTI: Nucleosides/Nucleotides: Tenofovir | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nucleosides/Nucleotides: Efavirenz (Sustiva) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tx HIV, oral, causes rash and hepatoxicity, interfere with liver ezymes
🗑
|
||||
| show | tx HIV, oral, causes rash, hepatoxicity, and pancreatitis, interfere with liver enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| show | when used in combo with NRTIs can reduce viral load to undectable levels, all have SE, mostly GI, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, possible bone loss, inhibit liver enzymes, boosted with Ritonavir
🗑
|
||||
| Protease Inhibitors Agents in HIV TX | show 🗑
|
||||
| Integrase Inhibitors in HIV tx: Raltegravir | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | blocks entry of HIV into CD4 cells, 36 amino acid peptide, injected SC 2x/day,
🗑
|
||||
| CCR5 Antagonist in HIV tx: Maraviroc | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP), can reduce infection by 44-73%
🗑
|
||||
| NNRTI-based Efavirenz + Lamivudine or Emtricitabine + Zidovudine or Tenofovir | show 🗑
|
||||
| Occupational exposure to HIV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | consists of 3 drugs: 2 from different classes
NNRTI + 2 NRTIs, PI + 2 NRTIs, Raltegravir + 2 NRTIs
🗑
|
||||
| show | inhibit P450 the most = drug interactions
🗑
|
||||
| PI and NNRTI drug interactions | show 🗑
|
||||
| Chloroquine | show 🗑
|
||||
| Choroquine MOA, AE | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mefloquine | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mefloquine MOA, AE | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mefloquine drug interactions | show 🗑
|
||||
| Primaquine | show 🗑
|
||||
| Primaquine AE | show 🗑
|
||||
| Artemether/Lumefantrine (Coatrem) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | some CNS effects (HA, dizziness), prolong QT interval, metabolized by CYPs so other drugs can affect levels
🗑
|
||||
| Artesunate | show 🗑
|
||||
| Quinine | show 🗑
|
||||
| Quinidine Gluconate | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anti-malarial tx, prophylaxis and tx of malaria caused by chlorquine-restiant plasmodia, used for both erythocyctic and exoerythrocytic (hepatic) forms
🗑
|
||||
| Iodoquinol | show 🗑
|
||||
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) uses | show 🗑
|
||||
| Metronidazone (Flagyl) MOA | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nausea, HA, hypersensitivity rxn, drug int: disulfiram-like effect, drugs that affect CYPA4
🗑
|
||||
| Tindazole | show 🗑
|
||||
| Giardiasis Tx | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nitazoxanide | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | disrupts protozoal energy metabolism, causes GI upset & yellow discoloration of eyes, binds to proteins, possible intx w/ other protein binding drugs
🗑
|
||||
| show | Metronidazole, Tinidazole
🗑
|
||||
| Lice Tx | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Permethrin, Ivermectin
🗑
|
||||
| show | used against pinworms, roundworm, hookworm, whipwork, filariae, decrease glucose transport and ATP = kills worms, oral, minimal absorption, takes 2-3 days to work, well tol,, teratogenic in animals
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-Helmintics (worm infections): Albendazole | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | used for pin, hook and round worms, depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, cholinesterase inhibitor = paralyzes worm, minimal amts absorbed, most stays in GI tract
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-Helmintics (worm infections): Ivermectin | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
julzbanks
Popular Pharmacology sets