AP Art History
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Proteins that regulate cell check points | Retinoblastoma protein (pRb), p53, p21
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| Proteins in BCL-2 Family | Bak, Bax, bcl-2
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| Bak | Encourages apoptosis. Stimulated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activating classes, stimulating death
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| Bax | Encourages apoptosis. Stimulated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activating classes, stimulating death
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| Bcl-2 | Prevents apoptosis
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| Hyperplasia | Increase in number of normal cells
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| Dysplasia | Presence of cells that are abnormal but not cancer
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| Mutation in which gene causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome | p53
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| Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin | Made by liver. Bonds to sex hormones to keep their levels regulated
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| Insulin-like growth factor 1 | Stimulates tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis
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| mSEPT9 | Involved in cell division. Form of this protein tested for in colon cancer blood tests. Found in colorectal cancer cells.
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| CA-125 | Cancer Antigen 125. Protein found in blood. Cancer cells secrete more of it
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| Carcinoma | In epithelial cells (skin, hollow organ lining, various tissues)
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| Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas | Carcinomas in skin cells
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| Adenocarcinomas | Form in glandular cells in epithelial tissues that secrete fluids. (Some breast cancers, prostate cancer, lung sometimes, and pancreatic sometimes)
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| Melanoma | Melanocytes are cells that secrete melanin. Located in stratum basale (chemo resistant)
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| Sarcoma | Mesoderm turns into mesenchyme. Mesenchyme develops into connective tissue (bone, fat, cartilage, blood). Sarcomas=cancer from mesenchyme tissues. Rare but return and spread
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| Osteosarcoma | Bone sarcoma. High grade (usually in kids) divide a lot and donât resemble bone
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| Soft tissue sarcoma | Develop in muscle, fat, nervous tissue, and blood vessels
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| Lymphoma | Originate in white blood cells (lymphocytes). Hodgkins and non-hodgkins
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| Leukemia | Start in bone marrow or blood. Lymphoblastic come from immature white blood cells. Myeloid come from immature blood cells. White blood cell count increased
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| Blastoma | Come from immature cells in fetus. Genetically formed
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| Alkylating agents | Chemo type. Create bulk adduct. Create DNA damage cancer cell canât repair. P53 will then stimulate cell death.
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| Alkylating agents drawbacks | Doesnât work for p53 mutated cells. Bone marrow suppression
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| Antimetabolties | Chemo type. Look like components used in copying DNA during S phase. Interfere with DNA copying (block folic acid, insert themselves into dna (intercalation), block transcription, cause breaks in DNA)
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| Topoismerase inhibitors | Chemo type. Topoismerase enzymes prevent dna from supercooling. These stall replication machinery
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| Mitotic inhibitors | Chemo type. Block cells from doing mitosis. Bind to spindle apparatus, microtubules, and actin components
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