Chapter 22: Vision
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| What is visual perception? | Vision and information from other senses are integrated and interpreted by the brain to form a visual image of the environment
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| What is dynamic and constantly changing and human response is based on experiences? | Vision
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| True or False? Vision and visual perception work together? | True
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| What is Visual acuity? | Discrimination of detail and contrast
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| What are corrected with Rx glasses? | Astigmatism
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| 20/20 | Vision is considered normal for human vision
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| 20/40 | Vision is considered half that acuity for human vision
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| 20/10 | Vision is considered twice that acuity for human vision
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| 20/200 | Vision or less is considered “Legally Blind” for human vision with eyeglasses
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| What is Visual acuity? | Visual information is sharp, clear, and accurate
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| What is Oculomotor control? | Control of eye movements
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| What is Visual field? | Visual field loss results in narrowing of the scope of scanning and person is unaware of the absence of vision
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| What is Visual scanning? | Shifting attention from one visual target to another in smooth succession
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| What is Pattern recognition? | Ability to distinguish an object from its surroundings
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| What is Visual memory? | Create and retain a visual image
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| What is Visual cognition? | Manipulate visual information mentally and integrate it with other sensory information (serves as a foundation for all learning)
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| Deficits in primary visual function? | Complex interaction between optical system and CNS processing
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| What is Myopia? | Near-sightedness
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| What is Hyperopia? | Far-sightedness
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| What is Presbyopia? | Far-sightedness associated with aging
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| What is Astigmatism? | Variations in curvature of the cornea
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| What is Cataracts? | Result in gradual, painless loss of vision
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| What is Age-related macular degeneration? | Leading cause of loss of central vision for older adults
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| Age-related macular degeneration symptoms? | Reduces the ability to distinguish details and color
Dry 90% or Wet 10% type
No cure
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| Macular degeneration? | Most common diagnosis of low vision in people over 55
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| What is Macula? | Macula is part of retina responsible for detailed vision
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| What is Macula used for? | Macula used for reading, driving, recognition, and fine work
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| What is Glaucoma? | Second-leading cause of blindness that is loss of peripheral vision
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| What is Open-angle glaucoma? | Most common, occurs slowly
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| What is Closed-angle glaucoma? | Sudden painful onset
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| How is Glaucoma treated? | Treatable with life-long use of eyedrops, surgery, and medication
Vision already lost is permanent
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| What is diabetic retinopathy? | Starts with floaters; progresses to blurred vision and visual loss
Laser surgery can be an effective treatment
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| What are some compensatory strategies to adapt? | 1. Use of contrast
2. Increase light for better illumination
3. Reduce glare and minimize shadows
4. Use of solid background colors
5. Increase print size
6. Space objects further apart
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| What is Homonymous hemianopsia? | Loss of the right or left half of the visual field in each eye; common after a CVA
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| What are some treatment strategies for visual field deficit? | 1. Teach head movement for compensation
2. Special lenses may help with compensation
3. Reading: use of boundary markers; teaching head and eye movement
4. Environment: add color contrast, solid backgrounds; reduce clutter
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| What are the 2 categories of Visual attention? | 1. Focused
2. Ambient
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| What is Visual attention (focused) ? | Selective visual attention that are used for structured tasks
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| What is Visual attention (ambient) ? | Peripheral visual attention that are more useful in unstructured tasks
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| Visual scanning is disrupted by what? | Brain injury
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| What is Visual inattention? | Visual neglect
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| Visual inattention is also called (3)? | 1. Left unilateral spatial neglect
2. Hemi-inattention
3. Hemispatial neglect
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| Visual inattention primarily occurs where? | Right side of the brain
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| What happens with (right) pattern recognition? | Client fails to recognize any object because he or she does not perceive all of it
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| What happens with (left) pattern recognition? | Client is aware of the object but cannot identify it
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| Visual Pattern (right injury) | Client fails to recognize any object because he or she does not perceive all of it
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| Visual Pattern (left injury) | Client is aware of the object but cannot identify it
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