Clinical Anatomy & Physiology for Veterinary Technicians CH9
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| Sympathetic System | Fight or Flight, Helps body cope with emergency situations.
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| ParaSympathetic | Rest and Restore, brings body back to resting state,
facilitates all body processes to replace resources used during emergency
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| What does endocrine & Nervous system have in common when it comes to communication and control? | They both use chemicals to carry messages.
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| What are the 2 main divisions in the nervous system? | Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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| Central nervous system definition? | Brain and spinal cord
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| Peripheral Nervous System Definition? | Nerves to link the CNS to rest of the body
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| What are the three main activities of the nervous system? (SIM) | Sensory-Recieves, analyze, and store
Integrating function- produce response
Motor function-Instructions to body
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| T OR F, neurons=nerve cells, have high requirement of oxygen? | T
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| What does neuroglia do for neurons/nerve cells? | Support and protect
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| Whats the function of dendrites? | Receives stimuli
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| Function of Axons? | impulses
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| Define Afferent? | Conducts stimuli Towards Cell Body.
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| What is a myelinated axon? | conducts impulses FASTER than those without myelin.
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| What does the spinal cord have that sends signals to the body? | Gray and White Mater
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| What is Efferent? | Conducts Impulses AWAY from CNS. also called motor nerves.
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| What are mixed nerves? | nerves may contain both kinds of nerve fibers
most nerves in the PNS are mixed nerves
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| What is Autonomic Nervous System? | coordination of automatic body functions
example is stimulating release of digestive juices in response to ingestion of a meal
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| What is Somatic Nervous system? | conscious or voluntary control of skeletal muscles
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| True or False, Polarization means extremely active and going. | False, Polarization means resting state.
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| What is Refractory Period? | very brief time period when a neuron is insensitive to additional stimuli
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| List four Neurotransmitters. | Acetylcholine, Catecholamines, GABA, Glycine
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| List four ways to stop the neurotransmitters. | acetylcholinesterase
monoamine oxidase (MAO)
catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)
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| white matter | contains most of the myelinated nerve fibers
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| gray matter | contains most of the neuron cell bodies
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| Whats the largest part of the brain and what does it do? | Cerebrum=functions associated with learning and intelligence
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| What is the purpose of reflexes? | rapid, automatic responses to stimuli
designed to protect the body
designed to maintain homeostasis
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| pupillary light reflex (PLR) | normal response to shining light in the eye of an animal is for the iris in both eyes to constrict
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| palpebral reflex | light tap on medial canthus of eye produces a blink of eyelids
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| What is pupillary Light Reflex Hint: POKE THE EYEBALL FOR REACTION | normal response to shining light in the eye of an animal is for the iris in both eyes to constrict
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| What is Crossed extensor reflex. | contralateral reflex
afferent sensory impulse synapses with interneurons - crosses to other side of spinal cord and stimulates muscles that extend the opposite limb. ie. falling over and stops yourself fm falling over tack
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| What Withdrawal Reflex. (Flexor Reflex) | also called flexor reflex
several interneuron synapses
results in contraction or flexing of muscles
Example - pulling hand away from hot stove
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| What is Stretch Reflex. | Simple two neuron reflex arc
Muscle is stretched and send impulse to spinal cord
Send signal back to contract
Body can maintain tension and tone to prevent overstretching
Example - patellar ligament tap…knee jerk reflex
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| What is Hypperflexive. | with injury, intact reflex arcs caudal to the spinal cord trauma become
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| What is Hyporflexive. | with injury where the reflex arc enters or leaves the spinal cord, or damage to sensory or motor nerves of the reflex
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| What is the Reflex Arc? |
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