Vocab
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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| Chromosomes | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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| Cell Cycle | the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell-growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell-division period in which mitosis takes place
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| Inter phase | a period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins
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| Mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
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| Cytokineses | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokineses follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis
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| Homologous Chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
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| Meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores)
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| Asexual Reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
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| Sexual Reproduction | reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite
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| Fertilization | the union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote
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| Organisms reproduce ASEXUALLY by: | prokaryotes, cell division, mitosis
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| The names and phases of MITOSIS: | prophase: the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell condense, metaphase: chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, anaphase: the chromatids separate/ pulled to opposite sides of the cell, telephase: new nuclear membrane forms around each group cs
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| The names and phases of MEIOSIS: | meiosis 1: each chromosome is copied before, meiosis 2: the chromosomes are not copied before
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