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vibrations and sound

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sound   a mechanical wave that is produced by vibrating objects  
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accoustics   the study of sound  
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fundamental frequency   the frequency at which a body tends to vibrate if it is free to do so  
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harmonics   frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. f is first harmonic, 2f is second harmonic etc  
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overtones   frequencies which are multiples of the fundamental frequency. 2f is the first harmonic, 3f is the second harmonic  
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resonance   the response of a body to vibrations of its own natural frequency. resonance occurs when a body is forced to vibrate at its own natural frequency, resulting in large amplitude oscillations and maximum energy transfer between forcing agent and object  
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frequency limits of audibility   20Hz to 20000Hz  
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the human ear   is most sensitive to frequencies between 2kHz and 4kHz  
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threshold of hearing   the smallest intensity audible by the average human ear at a frequency of 1kHz  
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sound intensity   the energy per second passing through unit area perpendicular to the direction to which the sound is travelling  
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sound intensity level   gives the intensity of sound relative to the threshold of hearing. if the sound intensity doubles, the sound intensity level decreases by 3dB.  
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music   sound of a regular frequency, consisting of related frequencies such as fundamental and harmonics, with a periodic waveform  
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noise   sound with a constantly varying frequency and with no repetition or pattern in the waveform  
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demo: to show that sound needs a medium to travel   set up apparatus as shown with the bell jar ringing. air is removed from the bell jar using a vacuum pump. As air is removed, the loudness of the sound decreases until nothing is heard. conclusion: sound needs a medium to travel  
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factors which determine the natural frequency    
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Created by: erina27
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