An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages
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| A ___ is an electronic device capable of performing arithmetic and logical operations | computer
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| A computer system has two components: ___ and ___ | hardware software
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| The ___ and the main memory are examples of hardware components | central processing unit CPU
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| All programs must be brought into ___ before they can be executed | main memory
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| When the power is switched off, everything in main memory is ___ | lost
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| ___ provides permanent storage for information. Hard disks, flash drives, floppy disks, ZIP disks, CD-ROMS, and tapes are examples of secondary storage | secondary storage.
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| Input to the computer is done via an input device. Two common input devices are the ___ and the ___ | keyboard mouse
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| The computer sends its ___ to a device, such as the computer screen | output
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| ___ are programs run by the computer | software
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| The ___ monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services | operating system
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| The most basic language of a computer is a sequence of 0s and 1s called ___. Every computer directly understands its own machine language | machine language
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| A ___ is a binary digit, 0 or 1 | bit
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| A ___ is a sequence of eight bits | byte
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| A sequence of 0s and 1s is referred to as a ___ or a ___ | binary code, binary number
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| One ___ (KB) is 2^10 = 1024 bytes One ___ (MB) is 2^20 = 1,048,576 bytes One ___ (GB) is 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes One ___ (TB) is 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes One ___ (PB) is 2^50 = bytes One ___ (EB) is 2^60 = bytes One ___ (ZB) is 2^70 = bytes | kilobyte
megabyte
gigabyte
terabyte
petabyte
exabyte
zettabyte
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| ___ are programs that translate a program written in a high-level language into machine code, called object code | compilers
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| A ___ links the object code with other programs provided by the integrated development environment (IDE) and used in the program to produce executable code | linker
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| Typically, six steps are needed to ___ a C++ program: edit, preprocess, compile, link, load, and execute | exeute
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| A loader transfers executable code into ___ | main memory
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| An ___ is a step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time | algorithm
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