Patho 3 Mus/Skel Barry
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| FRACTURES ARE DEFINED AS: | show 🗑
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| show | THE FORCE APPLIED EXCEEDS THE TENSILE OR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF THE BONE.
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| THE HIGHEST INCIDENCE OF FRACTURES IS IN WHAT TWO GROUPS? | show 🗑
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| show | LONG BONES, TRAUMA.
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| show | FALSE. FRACTURES OF THE HANDS AND FEET ARE USUALLY CAUSED BY
ACCIDENTS IN THE WORKPLACE.
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| show | OSTEOPOROSIS.
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| show | FRACTURES OF THE UPPER FEMUR, UPPER HUMERUS, VERTEBRAE AND PELVIS.
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| show | PATHOLOGIC, STRESS, TRANSCHONDRAL.
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| show | A BREAK AT THE SITE OF A PRE-EXISTING ABNORMAL CONDITION, BY A FORCE THAT WOULDN’T DO IT TO A NORMAL BONE.
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| EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONS THAT COULD PRECIPITATE A PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE: | show 🗑
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| DEFINE STRESS FRACTURE: | show 🗑
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| show | FATIGUE, INSUFFICIENCY.
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| DEFINE FATIGUE FRACTURE: | show 🗑
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| show | OCCURRING IN BONES LACKING NORMAL ABILITY TO DEFORM AND RECOVERY (NORMAL WEIGHT BEARING AND ACTIVITY)
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| DEFINE TRANSCHONDRAL FRACTURE: | show 🗑
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| ANOTHER WORD FOR TRANSCHONDRAL FRACTURE? | show 🗑
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| show | THE BONE IS BROKEN ALL THE WAY THROUGH.
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| INCOMPLETE: | show 🗑
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| OPEN: | show 🗑
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| show | THE SKIN IS INTACT.
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| COMMINUTED: | show 🗑
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| show | RUNS PARALLEL TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE BONE.
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| OBLIQUE: | show 🗑
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| SPIRAL: | show 🗑
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| show | ACROSS THE BONE.
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| show | GREENSTICK, TORUS, BOWING.
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| show | PERFORATES ONE CORTEX AND SPLINTERS THE SPONGY BONE (PROXIMAL DYAPHISIS OF TIBIA, RADIUS AND ULNA)
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| TORUS (A TYPE OF INCOMPLETE FRACTURE): | show 🗑
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| BOWING (A TYPE OF INCOMPLETE FRACTURE): | show 🗑
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| show | -IMPAIRED FUNCTION AND SENSATION
-DEFORMITY
-SWELLING
-MUSCLE SPASM
-TENDERNESS
-PAIN
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| show | REDUCTION AND IMMOBILIZATION.
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| show | REALIGNING THE BONE FRAGMENTS CLOSE TO THEIR ANATOMICAL POSITION, WHICH SOMETIMES MUST BE OPEN (SURGICAL)
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| WHAT IS IMMOBILIZATION? | show 🗑
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| ARTHROPATHIES: | show 🗑
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| HOW ARE ARTHROPATHIES CATEGORIZED? | show 🗑
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| NON-INFLAMMATORY ARTHROPATHIES: | show 🗑
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| INFLAMMATORY ARTHROPATHIES (ARTHRITIS): | show 🗑
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| show | OSTEOARTHRITIS
(DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE)
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| OSTEOARTHRITIS (DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE) IS THE MOST PREVALENT NON-INFLAMMATORY JOINT DIS. CHARACTERIZED BY: | show 🗑
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| show | SECONDARY.
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| WHAT ARE CONDITIONS THAT CAUSE SECONDARY OSTEOARTHRITIS? | show 🗑
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| show | PRIMARY OR IDIOPATHIC.
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| show | --EROSION AT THE ARTICULAR
CARTILAGE.
--SCLEROSIS OF BONE UNDERNEATH
THE CARTILAGE.
--FORMATION OF BONE SPURS
(OSTEOPHYTES).
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| show | --PAIN (PREDOMINANT SYMPTOM)
--STIFFNESS
--SWELLING OR ENLARGEMENT
--TENDERNESS
--LIMITED RANGE OF MOTION
--MUSCLE WASTING
--PARTIAL DISLOCATION
--DEFORMITY
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| show | CLINICAL EXAM, SIMPLE BONE X-RAY, CAT-SCAN, MRI AND ARTHROSCOPY.
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| CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT FOR OA: | show 🗑
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| show | USED TO IMPROVE JOINT MOV., CORRECT DEFORMITY OR CREATE A NEW JOINT WITH ARTIFICIAL IMPLANTS.
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| THE INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASE (ARTHRITIS) PRESENTS: | show 🗑
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| show | THROUGH A TRAUMATIC OR SURGICAL WOUND, CONTAMINATED NEEDLE OR BLOODSTREAM (FROM SEPTIC FOCI).
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| INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASE CAN BE NON-INFECTIOUS (MOST COMMON) RESULTING FROM... | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IS A SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE WHICH CAUSES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, PRIMARILY IN THE JOINTS.
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| MOST COMMON JOINTS AFFECTED BY RH? | show 🗑
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| RA LEADS TO DEFORMITY WHICH LEADS TO... | show 🗑
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| WHAT COHORT MORE FREQUENTLY SUFFERS FROM RA? | show 🗑
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| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF RA INCLUDE: | show 🗑
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| RA DIAGNOSIS IS ESTABLISHED BY: | show 🗑
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| show | CONSERVATIVE: REST, HOT AND COLD PACKS, CORTICOSTEROIDS, PHYSICAL THERAPY, ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (ORALLY OR INJECTED INTO THE JOINT), SURGICAL.
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| THE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES ARE A GROUP OF FAMILIAL DISORDERS WHICH CAUSE... | show 🗑
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| show | PROGRESSIVE, SYMMETRIC WEAKNESS AND WASTING OF SKELETAL MUSCLE GROUPS WITH INCREASING DISABILITY AND DEFORMITY.
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| show | --PSEUDOHYPERTROPHIC (DUCHENNE)
--FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL
--LIMB GIRDLE
--OCULOPHARYNGEAL
--MYOTONIC MUSCULAR
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| CLINICAL FINDINGS AND GENETIC INHERITANCE PATTERNS ARE CONSISTENT FOR EACH TYPE OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY BUT THE PHYSIOLOGY IS... | show 🗑
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| show | NECROSIS AND PHAGOCYTOSIS OF MUSC. CELLS AND EARLY FRAGMENTATION AND DISSOLUTION OF MYOFILAMENTS.
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| WHAT HAPPENS TO MUSCLE FIBERS IN MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES? | show 🗑
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| IF YOU OBSERVED UNDER THE MICROSCOPE A MUSCLE SAMPLE FROM A PATIENT WITH A MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY YOU WOULD SEE.. | show 🗑
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| MOST COMMON OF THE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES: | show 🗑
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| show | PSEUDOHYPERTROPHIC MUSC. PARALYSIS.
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| CLASSIC DUCHENNE OCCURS ONLY IN <BLANK>, WITH HALF THE CASES SHOWING <BLANK> INHERITANCE. | show 🗑
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| DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY PATIENTS LACK <BLANK>, CAUSING CELL DEATH AND FIBER NECROSIS? | show 🗑
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| show | THE DIS. IS USUALLY IDENTIFIED IN CHILDREN OF ABOUT 3 YRS OF AGE. SHOWING SLOW MOTOR DEVELOPMENT WITH PROGRESSIVE WEAKNESS AND
MUSC. WASTE.
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| show | SITTING, STANDING AND WALKING ARE DELAYED AND THE CHILD IS CLUMSY, FALLS FREQUENTLY AND HAS PROBLEMS CLIMBING STAIRS.
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| IN DUCHENNES MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, WEAKNESS ALWAYS BEGINS IN THE... | show 🗑
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| show | CALF MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY.
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| show | MUSC. ATROPHY AND DEFORMITY OF THE SKELETON.
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| show | -PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS
-CARDIAC FAILURE
-MENTAL RETARDATION
-SMOOTH MUSC. DYSFUNCTION
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| PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY WHO HAVE CARDIAC FAILURE, PERCENTAGE WHO HAVE SOME CARDIAC INVOLVEMENT: | show 🗑
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| IN CHILDREN WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, SMOOTH MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION MAY CAUSE... | show 🗑
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| DIAGNOSIS OF DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY IS CONFIRMED BY: | show 🗑
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| show | CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE.
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| WHAT DO WE DO FOR CHILDREN WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY? | show 🗑
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| show | ONLY 25% OF AFFECTED CHILDREN REACH THE AGE OF 21 YEARS, WITH
DEATH USUALLY RESULTING FROM
RESP. OR CARDIAC MUSCLE WEAKNESS.
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