GI USMLE
Help!
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| show | adenocarcinoma
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| show | 1) age >50, 2) adenmatous polyps, esp if villous, large size and number, 3) IBD, esp UC, 4) fam hx, 5) high fat, low fiber diet
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| show | liver (as w all GI cancers)
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| show | 1)fam adenom polyp-100% col ca, 2)Gardners col polyps+osteomas &benign STS 3)Turcots-col polyps+Cb medullo/glio4)Peutz Jegher-GI hamartomas, incrs other ca but not col, pigment lips/genit, 5)juven polyp-sm risk ca 6)heredit nonpolyp col ca-no polyps ahead
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| clinical features of colon cancers and difft locations | show 🗑
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| grading colon cancer | show 🗑
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| tx colon cancer | show 🗑
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| show | only rectal, not colon
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| show | check CEA q3-6mos, 90% recurrences occur within 3yrs
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| show | 1) hyperplastic/metaplastic: usu small, asx, no risk cancer but removed bc hard to tell from ca, 2) inflamm polyps/pseudo polyps in UC, 3) adenomatous polyps-malignant potl, esp if villous (v tubular or tubulovillous), large, flat, and if lots
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| show | rectosigmoid
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| cxns of diverticulosis v diverticulitis | show 🗑
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| show | low fiber, fam hx, incrsd age
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| MC location of diverticulosis | show 🗑
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| sympt of diverticulosis | show 🗑
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| show | ba enema
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| show | hi fiber diet or psyllium (has mucilage)
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| show | F, LLQ pain, incrsd WBC
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| dx for diverticulitis | show 🗑
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| tx for diverticulitis | show 🗑
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| angiodyspl of colon is due to what etiol? Is assoc w what cardiac defect? | show 🗑
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| show | presents as lower GI bldg in pt>60, dx colonoscopy, tx: stops spont
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| show | 1) arterial embolism (50%)-cardiac emboli; 2)arterial thrombus (25%): occlusion over atheroscl dz; 3) nonocclusive: low CO leading to splanchnic constriction; 4) venous thrombosis in hypercoag pts
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| presentation, tx of arterial embolic acute mesenteric isch | show 🗑
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| show | more gradual present in pts w CAD, PVD; tx: papaverine during arteriography
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| presentation, tx of nonocclusive acute mesenteric isch | show 🗑
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| presentation, risks for, tx of venous thrombosis acute mesenteric isch | show 🗑
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| clinical features of acute mesenteric isch | show 🗑
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| show | IV fluids and broad spectrum Abx
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| what Rx should be avoided in acute mesenteric isch | show 🗑
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| what metabolic derangement may be seen in acute mesenteric isch | show 🗑
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| show | cause: atheroscl of celiac, superior&infr mesenteric arteries; presents w dull pain that increases after meal; less common than acute
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| dx and tx for chronic mesenteric isch | show 🗑
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| show | signs/sympt of large bowel obstruction, but no evidence of mechanical obstruction
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| show | recent surgery or trauma, sepsis, malig, Rx (narcotics, psych, antichol)
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| show | start w gentle enemas & NG suction, then colonoscopic decompression [stop Rx if that's suspected]
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| show | if colon diam >10cm (bowel rupture risk)
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| etiol of pseudomem colitis | show 🗑
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| MC Abx that lead to pseudomem colitis, when does colitis develop relative to Abx use | show 🗑
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| show | profuse, watery diarrhea, crampy Abd pain; risk: toxic megacolon
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| show | C dif toxin in stool; also get abd radiograph to r/o toxic megacolon and colonic perf
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| tx pseudomem colitis | show 🗑
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| after pseudomem colitis has been tx, when might it recur | show 🗑
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| MC location of colonic volvulus | show 🗑
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| show | acute onset colicky abd pain, constipation w abd distension; anorexia N/V
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| show | 1) sigmoid: decompress w sigmoidoscopy, elective resxn; 2) cecal: emergent resxn
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| dx of colonic volvulus (2 types) | show 🗑
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| what would barium enema show for colonic volvulus | show 🗑
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| show | if suspect strangulation
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| grading for liver cirrhosis: name of classif, 5 elements evaluated, scale | show 🗑
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| albumin, bili cut-offs for difft Child's classif of liver cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| show | ascites: 0=A, controlled=B, uncontrolled=C; nutrition: excellent=A, good=B, poor=C; encephalopathy: 0=A, min=B, severe=C
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| show | 1=EtOH, 2=chronic hep,
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| show | 1) hepatitis: autoimmune hep, non-EtOH steatohep; 2) back up: biliary cirrhosis, hepatic congestion, hepato veno occlusion; 3) Rx; 4) genetic metabolic
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| metabolic/genetic causes of liver cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| Rx causing liver cirrhosis (2) | show 🗑
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| classic clinical signs of liver cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| show | coag (incrsd PT, and PTT in severe), low glu, almumin, incrsd ammonia, incrsd bili, LFT [not always incrsd bc decrsd fxnal hepatocytes], +/- CRF lab findings
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| cxns of liver cirrhosis (7) | show 🗑
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| types of varices in liver cirrhosis and tx | show 🗑
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| show | once pt stabilized emergent upper GI endoscopy; tx: variceal ligation/banding (tx of choice), sclerotherapy, IV octreotide splanchnic vasoconstrict decrs portal P, IV vasopresin and nitroglycerin
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| long term tx for varices in liver cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| pathophysiol and clinical findings of ascites in liver cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| indications for parecentesis; what in parecentesis indicates portal HTN | show 🗑
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| tx ascites in liver cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| differential ascites (6) | show 🗑
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| show | liver bx
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| show | clinical: decrsd mental fxn, confusion, asterixis; tx: lactulose (prevents absorb ammonia), neomycin (klls bowel bac decrs ammonia); limit protein 30-40mg/d
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| describe hepatorenal syndrome, lab findings, tx | show 🗑
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| show | ascites + abd pain, F, vomit, rebound tenderness
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| show | paracentesis WBC>500, PMN>250, +cultures [E Coli (MC), Kleb, S Pneu, but also culture - SBP]
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| show | Abx, repeat parecentesis 2-3d to see decrsd PMN (<250)
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| lab findings of coag in liver cirrhosis, tx | show 🗑
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| features of Wilson's (4) | show 🗑
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| show | 1) penicillamine, 2) Zn prevents Cu uptake [can be used in presympt or preg, or w penicillamine]
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| show | ferritin and hemosiderin
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| AD or AR: Wilsons? Hemochromo? Alpha-anti trypsin defic | show 🗑
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| show | Liver: cirrhosis; cardiac: CHF, arrhythmias; skin/joints: tanning of skin, arthritis; endo: DM (deposits in pancreas), hypothyr, hypogonad (incl impotence and amenorrhea)
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| show | incrsd Fe, incrsd ferritin, incrsd transferrin, decrsd TIBC
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| dx of hemochromo | show 🗑
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| show | benign liver tumor in young women (15-40), assoc OCP and anabolic; tx: discont OCP, resxn tumors >5cm that don't regress after stopping OCP
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| show | (MC benign liver tumor) usu small and asx (but incrs size w preg and OCP); don't bx (risk bldg); no need tx (unless sympt and high risk rupture)
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| show | 1) liver (cavernous) hemangioma, 2) cholangiosarcoma
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| show | 1) non-fibrolamellar (MC): assoc Hep and cirrhosis, usu unresectable and short survival; 2) fibrolamellar: seen more in adolescents and young adults, more commonly resectable, longer survival
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| risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (5) | show 🗑
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| hepatocellular carcinoma clinical findings other than chronic liver dz | show 🗑
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| dx of hepatocellular cancer | show 🗑
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| show | 10%
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| describe presentation, risks for, and tx of non-EtOH steatohepatitis | show 🗑
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| show | 1) polycystic-seen w polycystic kidney dz, usu asx and no tx; 2) hydatid-(Echino granulosus or multilocularis), small are asx, large RUQ pain and can rupture; tx: resxn w mebendazole after
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| organism and location of liver hydatid cysts | show 🗑
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| show | 1) pyogenic: E Coli, Kleb, Proteus, Enteroccoc and anaerobes; 2) amebic: Entamoeba histolytica
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| clinical present of liver amebic abscess | show 🗑
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| show | US, CT w incrsd LFTs, tx: IV Abx and percut drainage
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| dx and tx of liver amebic abscess | show 🗑
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| show | occlusion hepatic veins, usu gradual course; causes: hypercoag, polycythemia and myloprolifer, preg, chronic inflamm
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| show | dx: hepatic venography; tx: balloon angioplasty w stent in IVC portocaval shunts
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| show | t_bili >2
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| show | most bili from Hb breakdown; 1)Hb->bili in spleen=unconjugated (indirect,circulat att'd to albumin), not water sol, not in urine but can cross BBB; 2) uptake by liver; conjugated->intestine, bac produce urobilinogen/urobilin, when excess conjugated->urine
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| show | indirect (unconjug)=defect before hepatic uptake; direct (conjug)=defect after hepatic uptake
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| LFTs indicating cholestasis v hepatocellular dz | show 🗑
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| ALT or AST more specific to liver | show 🗑
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| different levels of ALT and AST and what indicate | show 🗑
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| show | not liver specific, but GGT is; incrsd when bile obstructed
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| show | acetaminophen, INH, methyldopa, TB meds (rifampin, pyrazinamide), tetracycline
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| types of gallstones | show 🗑
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| show | black=in GB, hemolysis or EtOH cirrhosis; brown=ducts seen in biliary tract infxn
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| show | obesity, DM, hyperlipid; mltpl preg, OCP; Crohn's, ileal resxn, CF; native american; incrsd age; cirrhosis
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| show | RUQ/epigastric pain, classically after eating and at night; pain can go to R subscapula (Boas' sign)
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| show | cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, gallstone ileus
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| show | RUQ US good sensitivity and specificity for stones >2mm; if recurrent bouts then elective cholecystectomy
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| pathophysiol of acute cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| show | rebound tenderness RUQ [Murphy's sign-inspiratory arrest during deep palp], pain RUQ/epigastric to R shoulder, low grade F, mild incrs WBC
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| show | US-thickened GB wall w distended GB [CT as good as US for dx, but better for assessing cxns]; HIDA if US is inconclusive
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| abbrev for HIDA and describe HIDA for acute cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| tx for acute cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| show | jaundice, dx w ERCP (v. US), tx w ERCP, cxns incl cholangitis, acute pancreatitis (v choledocholithiasis, gallstone ileus, cholecystitis)
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| primary v 2ry stone in choledocholithiasis | show 🗑
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| show | need ERCP, (RUQ US not sensitive)
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| tx choledocholithiasis | show 🗑
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| show | infxn of biliary tract 2ry to obstruction; 60% stones, other:pancreatic and biliary cancers, strictures from abd surg…
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| clinical findings of cholangitis | show 🗑
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| labs cholangitis | show 🗑
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| dx of cholangitis | show 🗑
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| show | start IV fluids and Abx, once afebrile 48hrs do ERCP/PTC to decompress
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| show | PTC (percut transhep cholangiography) if US shows dilated ducts, ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) if nml duct
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| show | same as acute cholecystitis but w/o stone, seen in pt w severe underlying dz so difficult to recognize--emergent cholecystectomy
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| etiology and pt population for GB cancer | show 🗑
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| clinical presentation of GB cancer | show 🗑
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| risks for GB cancer | show 🗑
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| show | prophylactically remove (50% develop cancer)
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| tx GB cancer, px | show 🗑
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| show | 1ry sclerosing cholangitis
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| 1ry sclerosing cholangitis assoc w | show 🗑
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| show | no curative, can give cholestyramine for pruritus [sequesters bile acid in GI to prevent reabsorb]
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| location of problem for 1ry biliary cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| 1ry biliary cirrhosis assoc w | show 🗑
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| clinical present of 1ry biliary cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| lab of 1ry biliary cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| show | liver bx
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| show | sympt (pruritus, osteoporosis), also ursodeoxycholic acid slows progression [can do liver transplant]
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| types of cholangiosarcinoma | show 🗑
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| show | MC 1ry scl cholangitis, also UC, choledochal cysts, clonorhic sinensis infxn Hong Kong
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| clinical picture of cholangiosarcinoma, dx | show 🗑
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| show | very poor, since most are not resectable
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| MC pts with choledochal cyst, worst cxn | show 🗑
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| dx and tx of choledochal cysts | show 🗑
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| what hormone causes relax of sphincter of Oddi and cxn of GB | show 🗑
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| show | HIDA: once GB filled w contrast, give CCK and calculate EF; tx: cholecystectomy or endo sphincterotomy
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| show | recurrent bil colic w/o stones
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| show | iatrogenic, reccurent choledocholith, chronic pancreatitis, 1ry scl chol
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| show | 2ry bil cirrhosis, liver abscess, asc cholangitis
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| tx bile duct stricture | show 🗑
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| pathogen of acute appendicitis | show 🗑
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| show | peak incidence teens-mid20's, highest rate perf in infants and elderly (and delay >24hrs)
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| clinical present of acute appendicitis | show 🗑
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| show | McBurney's pt of max pain, Rovsing: deep palp LLQ causes pain RLQ; Psoas: RLQ pain when R thigh extended; obturator: RLQ pain when flexed R thigh internally rotated
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| show | clinical, no imaging nec [if uncertain: CT (98-100% sensitive), US (90% sensitive)]
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| characteristics of carcinoid syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | EtOH (40%), gallstones (40%), ERCP (10%), viral (mumps, coxB), Rx, scorpion bites; in kids: blunt trauma
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| show | epigastric pain (50% radiate to back), worse supine and after meals, N/V, anorexia; low F, hypotension, incrsd WBC
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| show | ecchymoses following fascial planes--Grey Turner's sign, Cullen's sign, Fox's sign
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| show | amylase not sensitive or specific; lipase more specific; LFT can tell if gallstones involved; order all tests for Ranson's criteria; order CT for severe acute pancreatitis (most accurate to dx and for cxns)
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| how abd radiograph or US helpful in acute pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| cxns of acute pancreatitis (5) | show 🗑
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| describe 2 types of pan necrosis and how differentiate | show 🗑
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| show | if <5cm observe, >5cm drain
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| show | appears 2-3wks after acute pancreatitis, can be remote to pancreas, not a true cyst bc lacks epithelial lining; CT is best for dx [if <5cm observe, >5cm drain]
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| show | GA LAW Glu>200; age>55, LDH>350, AST>250, WBC>16,000; if >3 acute pancreatitis is likely and admit to ICU
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| show | C HOBBS= Ca++<8; Hct decrsd by >10%; PaO2 <60; BUN incrsd >8, Base defic >4; sequest fluid >6L
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| causes of chronic pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| clinical present of chronic pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| dx chronic pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| cxns of chronic pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| show | pain, NPO, insulin, pan enzymes WITH H2 block (so gastrin doesn't degrade enzymes you're supplementing); surgery just for pain management (pancreaticojejunostomy to decompress, also Whipple, pan resxn)
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| show | removal of distal 1/2 stom, GB w cystic and CBD, head of pancreas, duo, and prox jejunum; connect pancreas and hepatic duct to duodenum
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| show | MC in elderly, more common in AA; pan head (75%), pan body (20%), tail
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| risks for pan cancer | show 🗑
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| clinical present of pan cancer | show 🗑
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| show | ERCP; CA 19-9 & CEA (CA 19-9 much more sensitive and specific)
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| tx pan cancer | show 🗑
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| show | PUD (duo ulcer 25%, gastric ulcer 20%, gastritis 25%), esophag varices 10%, Mallory Weiss, aortoenteric fistula, neoplasm
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| tests to order for various types of GI bldg: hematemesis, hematochezia, melena, occult blood | show 🗑
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| show | upper GI bleed, but slower rate
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| show | diverticulosis (40%--MC for pts <60), angiodyspl (40%, MC for pts >60), IBD, polyps, colon cancer
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| show | dx by excluding upper GI and colon bleeding; can present as either melena or hematochezia
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| causes of dark stools other than melena (5) | show 🗑
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| how does BUN: Cr help dx GI bleeding | show 🗑
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| show | can tell upper GI bleeding, but doesn't catch duo bleeding
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| where is lig of trietz, why impt for GI bleeding | show 🗑
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| tx of upper GI bldg | show 🗑
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| tx of lower GI bldg | show 🗑
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| indications for surgery for GI bldg (4) | show 🗑
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| show | squamos cell-more common in AA, smoking EtOH, usu upper and mid esophag; adeno-more common in Caucasian men with GERD and Barretts in distal 1/3
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| show | EtOH, smoking, nitrosamines, betel nuts, achalasia, Plummer-Vinson
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| risks for adeno esophag cancer | show 🗑
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| show | I: lamina propria or submucosa, IIa: muscul propria or adventitia; IIb: up to muscul propria w regional LN; III: adventitia w regional LN; IV: mets
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| show | MC: dysphagia, 2nd MC: wgt loss, also odynophagia (late, suggesting extra esophag involvement)
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| dx of esophag cancer | show 🗑
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| show | usu palliation bc often adv dz; chemo and radiation before surgery prolongs survival; I and IIA surgery can be curative
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| show | LES doesn't relax completely w swallowing
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| show | usu idiopathic, no. 2 stomach adeno (but Chagas impt world wide)
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| show | dysphagia of solids=liquids (unlike esophag cancer); may aspriate bc of regurg
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| type of dysphagia seen in esophag cancer | show 🗑
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| cxns of achalasia | show 🗑
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| show | mannometry showing 1) incomplete relax of LES, 2) aperistalsis of esophag
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| Rx tx for achalasia | show 🗑
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| 3 tx strategies for achalasia | show 🗑
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| show | LES nml, several sections of esophag contract at once (by mannometry)
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| clinical present of diffuse esophag spasm | show 🗑
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| show | diffuse esophag spasm (v birds beak of achalasia)
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| tx of diffuse esophag spasm | show 🗑
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| types of esophag hiatal hernias | show 🗑
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| cxns of sliding esophag hiatal hernia | show 🗑
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| dx of esophag hiatal hernia | show 🗑
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| show | 1)sliding: antacids, sm meals, elevate head after eat, may need Niessens fundoplication in 15%; 2) paraeso: sx
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| show | Mallory Weiss=mucosal tear at GEJ; Boerhaaves=transmural esophag perf
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| tx of Mallory Weiss tears | show 🗑
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| describe Plummer Vinson syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | risk of SCC or oral, esophag
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| show | esophag dilation, tx of anemia
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| show | circum ring in distal esophag, always w sliding hernia; usu asympt but if sympt w/o reflux can esophag dilate, w/ reflux use reflux sx
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| what is Shatzki's ring assoc w | show 🗑
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| show | Zenkers (upper 1/3, failure of cricopharyng mscl relax), epiphrenic (distal 1/3, spastic esphog or achalasia), traction (mid, from mediastinum inflamm, TB)
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| show | [for ea treat underlying motility dz, diverticulotomy is 2ry] Zenkers-cricopharyngmyotomy; traction-none, asx; epiphrenic-esophagomyotomy
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| clinical present of esophag perf | show 🗑
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| show | contrast esophagram using Gatrografin
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| tx of esophag perf | show 🗑
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| clinical present of Zenkers diverticul | show 🗑
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| show | stricture and esophag cancer
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| show | crunching sound as heart beats ag air filled spaces in context of esophag perf
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| describe key factors duo ulcers: % of ulcers, acid sxn, cause, age, blood type, pain wrt eating | show 🗑
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| describe key factors gastric ulcers: % of ulcers, acid sxn, cause, age, blood type, pain wrt eating | show 🗑
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| describe locations of duo ulcers (1) and gastric ulcers (4) | show 🗑
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| show | 1) endoscopy (need for bx gastric, for tx acute bleeding) also can dx H Pylori, 2) H Pylori dx: urease breath test, Abs in serum to H Pylori doesn't mean acute infxn, 3) serum gastrin levels if suspect ZES
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| show | no NSAIDs or ASA, no EtOH or smoking, no eating before bed
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| show | PPI (prazole), H2 block aids healing ulcers (tidine), antacids just used supplement for sympt; tx of H Pylori infxn as nec
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| tx of PUD--cytoprotective Rx | show 🗑
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| if pt on NSAID and develop PUD, what do | show 🗑
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| what's triple therapy for H Pylori (generally)? What's quad therapy? | show 🗑
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| a specific ex of triple therapy for H Pylori | show 🗑
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| causes of acute gastritis | show 🗑
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| show | if no red flags tx empiric acid suppression and discont any NSAIDs; if doesn't respond 4-8 wks do upper GI, US (stones), and dx H Pylori
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| types of chronic gastritis, incl %, location, causes, and risks | show 🗑
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| dx of chronic gastritis | show 🗑
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| types of gastric cancer (2) and risks | show 🗑
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| show | ulcerative, polypoid, superficial spreading (most favorable px), linitis plastica leather bottle infiltrates early through all layers, stomach wall is thick and rigid, poor px
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| show | Japan, very rare in US
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| show | gastritis, adenamatous gastric polyps, H Pylori, pern anemia, preserved foods (w salts, nitrites, smoked fish), Menetrier, postantrectomy (s/p Billroth II), blood type A
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| tx gastric cancer | show 🗑
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| Krukengergs tumor | show 🗑
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| Blumer's shelf | show 🗑
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| Sister Mary joseph nodule | show 🗑
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| show | gastric cancer met to supraclaviular LN
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| show | gastric cancer met to left axillary
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|
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| show | Krukengerg (ovary), Blumer (rectum), Sister Mary Joseph (periumbil), Virchow (supraclavicular), Irish (L axillary)
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|
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| show | closed=lumen occluded at 2 pts, can compromise blood supply
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| show | prox=freq vomit, severe pain, min abd distension; distal=vomit less freq, abd distension
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|
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| causes of small bowel obstruction | show 🗑
|
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| tx of small bowel obstruct | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | usu low K low Cl metabolic alk and hypovol from vomitting
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|
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| causes of large bowel obstruct | show 🗑
|
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| define paralytic ileus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rx (narcotic, anti chol), post op abd sx, spinal cord, shock, metabolic (low K), peritonitis
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|
||||
| dx of paralytic ileus | show 🗑
|
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| tx of paralytic ileus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | abd distension, bloating, diarrhea; small bowel bx shows flattened villi
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|
||||
| show | UC is usu bloody diarrhea, F and wgt loss only in more severe; Crohns diarrhea usu w/o blood and F and malaise common, along w wgt loss and malabsorb
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|
||||
| cryst abscess of PMN indicates which IBD | show 🗑
|
||||
| location of UC and Crohns in GI | show 🗑
|
||||
| extra GI findings more common in Crohns | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | skin: pyoderma gangrenosum, arthritis: ankyl spondylitis, sclerosing cholangitis
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|
||||
| show | eyes: episcleritis and uveitis, arthritis: migrating monoarticular, sacroilitis, hypercoag, ITP, osteoporosis
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|
||||
| show | episcleritis, monoarticular arthritis, skin
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|
||||
| show | endoscopy, r/o infxs causes of diarrhea
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|
||||
| cxns of Crohns | show 🗑
|
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| cxns of UC | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | acute exacerb: systemic steroids; sulfsalazine if colon is involved in Crohns and for all UC; +/- immunosuppressive; sx: only for cxns in Crohns but can be curative for UC
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|
||||
| show | external-inferior hemorrhoidal plexus veins distal to dentate line (sensate);internal-superior rectal plexus submucosal ceins above dentate (insensate)
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| how tell EtOH hep by labs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | foodborn; no longterm sequelae; IgM HAV +
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|
||||
| Hep E: transmission, longterm sequelae | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hep B: transmission, longterm sequelae | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | blood to blood transmission, cirrosis, liver cancer
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|
||||
| which Hep have vaccines | show 🗑
|
||||
| which Hep requires another Hep to infect a person | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hep B
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|
||||
| which Hep assoc w mebranoprolifer glomerulonephritis | show 🗑
|
||||
| which Hep assoc w cirrhosis and cancer | show 🗑
|
||||
| which Hep can cause chronic hepatitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hep C Ab indicates what | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | HepB sAg=unresolved, HB sAb=immune/resolved, HBcAb=new infxn, HBeAg=infectivity
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|
||||
| what Ab look for to determine chronic Hep B | show 🗑
|
||||
| what Ab indicates new HepB infxn | show 🗑
|
||||
| how treat chronic Hep B | show 🗑
|
||||
| what can you give to pt exposed to Hep B | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TB meds (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide), acetaminophen, tetracycline, methyldopa
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|
||||
| show | peginterferon, ribavirin (v. interferon and lamivudine for Hep B)
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|
||||
| name hereditary forms of hep | show 🗑
|
||||
| describe Budd Chiari--pathophysiol, sequelae, assoc | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | misfolding protein in hepatocells' ER, decrsd elastic in lungs--> emphysema and PAS + globules in liver; clinical=cirrhosis+emphysema
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of hemochromatosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Copper in basal ganglia, Kaysar Fleischer rings in eyes
🗑
|
||||
| pathophysiol of Wilsons | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decrsd ceruloplasmin, tx w penicillamine
🗑
|
||||
| clinical features of hemochromatosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| define Dubin Johnson; what findings? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | problem excreting bilirubin; have benign black liver and elevated conjugated bilirubin w/o incsrd liver enz
🗑
|
||||
| show | incrsd alk P and bilirubin (+/- incrsd ALT, AST)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) overproduction (hemolytic anemia), 2) defective conjugation (Gilbert, Crigler-Najar)
🗑
|
||||
| define Gilbert's syndrome; what findings? | show 🗑
|
||||
| define Crigler-Najar's syndrome; what findings? | show 🗑
|
||||
| does unconjugated or conjugated bili appear in the urine | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Popular Midwifery sets