Rules, Formulas, Indicators
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| show | stimulus, question stem, and a set of five answer choices
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| show | Argument and Set of Facts
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| show | Consists of a conclusion and a set of premises given in support of that conclusion.
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| show | Is a group of statements from which no conclusion is explicitly drawn.
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| Valid Conclusion/Valid Inference | show 🗑
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| show | Is a statement that is not necessarily true according to the premises.
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| Many arguments require | show 🗑
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| Structural Indicators | show 🗑
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| show | Are often introduced by words and phrases such as therefore, thus, hence, consequently, so, it follows, or it can be concluded that.
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| show | Are often introduced by words and phrases such as because, since, or proven by the fact that.
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| show | What is enough to make something true.
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| Necessary Condition | show 🗑
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| Incorrect Negation | show 🗑
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| Incorrect Reversal | show 🗑
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| show | Conditional statement is formed by reversing and negativing both terms in the statement. The Contrapositive of any statement is identical in meaning to that statement.
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| show | A compound principle is a conditional statement that includes either multiple sufficient conditions or multiple necessary conditions.
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| And/Or Rule | show 🗑
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| show | There are only two apply a general principle to a specific case: applying the positive form of the principle or applying the contrapositive form of the principle.
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| show | The part of the statement that is introduced by if constitutes the sufficient conditions. The other part of the statement constitutes the necessary condition.
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| If Formula | show 🗑
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| Only If Formula | show 🗑
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| Only If Formula | show 🗑
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| show | The part of the statement that is introduced by all constitutes the sufficient condition. The other part of the statement constitutes the necessary condition. The All Formula applies only to statements that begin with all.
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| All Formula | show 🗑
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| No Formula | show 🗑
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| show | None
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| show | The part of the statement that is introduced by unless constitutes the necessary condition. The negation of the other part of the statement constitutes the sufficient condition.
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| Not Both Formula | show 🗑
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| Either Or Formula | show 🗑
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