Government terms
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| democracy | a political system in which all citizens have a chance to play a role in shaping government action and are afforded basic rights and liberties
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| public policies | The basic policy or set of policies forming the foundation of public laws, especially such policy not yet formally enunciated.
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| governance | The act, process, or power of governing; government
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| litigation | a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights
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| nationalism | 1. a sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence 2. loyalty or devotion to one's country
3.exaggerated, passionate, or fanatical devotion to a national community
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| republicanism | 1.the principles or theory of republican government
2.support for a republic
3.support for a Republican Party or for the Irish Republican Army
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| constitutionalism | 1.the principles, spirit, or system of government in accord with a constitution, esp a written constitution
2.adherence to or advocacy of such a system or such principles
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| oligarchy | a small group of the rich or powerful controls most of the governing decisions
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| Direct/pure democracy. | citizens make all governmental decisions
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| representative democracy | citizens elect representative to carry out government functions
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| social democracy | the belief in a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism by democratic means
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| authoritarian democracy |
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| anarchism | a doctrine advocating the abolition of government
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| Three Branches of government | executive branch, judicial branch, legislative branch
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| Common Law | the law of a state that is of general application, as distinct from regional customs
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| Private Law | The branch of law that deals with the legal rights and relationships of private individuals
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| Civil Law | The body of laws of a state or nation dealing with the rights of private citizens;against individuals
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| Criminal law | the body of law dealing with crimes and their punishment;against the government
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| Public law | a law that applies to the public of a state or nation
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| constitutional monarchy | monarch figurehead with limited power, actual governing authority belongs to another body
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| authoritarian regime | government policies are kept in check by informal limits, such as other political forces, the military, and social institutions
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| totalitarian regime | leaders have no limits on authority
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| fascist regime | A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.
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| republic | a system of government in which members of the general public select agents to represent them in political decision-making
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| Great Squeeze | a period prior to the american revolution when the British Parliament sought to recoup some of the costs associated with the French and Indian War by levying new taxes and fees on colonists
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| The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) | punitive measures, designed to punish the rebellious colonists; 1. closed Port of Boston 2. altered the Massachusetts gov't to bring it under British control 3. quartering of soldiers made easier, etc.
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| John Locke | wrote Two Treatises of Government; argues that all legitimate governing authority is based on the consent of the governed and that all individuals have 'natural rights'
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| Adam Smith | wrote the invisible hand; the importance of limiting government in order to protect the economic rights of citizens
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| Adam Smith | wrote the invisible hand; the importance of limiting government in order to protect the economic rights of citizens
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| Thomas Hobbes | "a war of all against all (in which life was) solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society
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| John Milton | English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace
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| self-governance | Exercising control or rule over oneself or itself
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| Revolutionary War | the revolution of the American Colonies against Great Britain 1775-1783
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| Lexington | shot heard around the world
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| Thomas Paine | (1737-1809) wrote a highly influential and persuasive tract, common sense, promising freedom, equality, and the prospect of democracy
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| Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence
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| Social contract theory | A political theory that holds individuals give up certain rights in return for securing certain freedoms. If the gov't breaks the social contract, grounds for revolution exist. This notion was at the core of the Declaration of Independence
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| Natural rights | basic rights that no government can deny
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| Natural rights | basic rights that no government can deny
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| Just law theory | justification of things like war and ousting of dictators
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| The state of nature | theory that humans originally lived without government or laws, enjoying complete personal freedom
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| Laws of Nature and Nature’s God |
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| Declaration of Independence | statement written on the rights of citizens and the proper role of government in a free society
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| power | the ability to exercise control over others and get them to comply
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| supremacy | Supreme power or authority
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| legitimacy | lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law
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| sovereignty | supreme and unrestricted power, as of a state
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| federalism | a constitutional arrangement in which power is formally divided between national and subnational governments
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| secession | formal separation from an alliance or federation
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| Civil War | The war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865
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| US Constitution | the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states
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| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791, protecting civil liberties
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| 1875 Convention in Texas |
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| Republic of Texas |
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| the Constitution of 1866 |
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| the New Deal |
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| the Confederacy | a national government created by states that relies on the states for its authority
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| Radical Reconstruction | the group of republicans who took control of the U.S. Congress in 1866 and imposed military governments on the former Confederate states after the Civil War
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| The Grange | an organization formed in the late nineteenth century to improve the lot of farmers. The Grange influenced provisions in the Texas constitution of 1876 limiting taxes and government spending and restricting big business, including banks and railroads
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| The Texas constitution |
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| The Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas |
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| constitutional amendment | can only be submitted only by the legislature
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| Texas constitution of 1876 |
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| poll taxes | A tax levied on people rather than on property, often as a requirement for voting
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| popular sovereignty | the doctrine that the inhabitants of a territory should be free from federal interference in determining their own domestic policy, esp in deciding whether or not to allow slavery
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| the constitutional convention of 1974 |
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| The role of the Texas legislature |
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| partisanship |
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| bipartisanship |
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| quorum |
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| majority |
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| minority |
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| committee | where compromise begins on those bills that do eventually become law
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| lieutenant governor of Texas | the presiding officer of the Texas senate, who would become governor if the governor were to die, be incapaciated or be removed from office
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| veto | the power to prevent legislation or action proposed by others
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| Cracking and packing |
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| checks and balances | competition and mutual restraint among the various branches of government
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