Physics ch 6,9
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| Waves | A traveling disturbance consisting of coordinated vibrations that transmit energy with no net movement of matter.
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| Transverse wave | A wave in which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels.
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| What are the examples of transverse waves? | Waves on a rope, electromagnetic waves, some seismic waves.
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| Longitudinal wave | A wave in which the oscillations are along the direction the wave travels.
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| What are some examples of longitudinal waves? | Sound in the air, some seismic waves.
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| Amplitude | The maximum displacement of points on a wave, measured from the equilibrium position.
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| Wavelength | The distance between two successive "like" points on a wave, for example, the distance between two adjacent peaks or two adjacent valleys.
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| Frequency | The number of cycles of a wave passing a point per unit time. the number of oscillations per second in the wave.
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| Transmission | Light passing through material such as polaroid filters.
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| Reflection | Light bouncing of a surface.
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| Refraction | Light traveling through a material.
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| Scattering | When light strikes the atoms.
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| Doppler effect | The apparent change in the frequency of wave fronts emitted by a moving source, example is a train traveling along a track blowing a whistle.
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| Echolocation | Is the process of using the waves reflected from an object to determine its location.
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| What are some examples of echolocation? | Radar and sonar.
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| Interference | Arises when two continuous waves, usually with the same amplitude and frequency, arrive at the same place.
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| Pure tone | Is a sound with a sinusoidal waveform.
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| Complex tone | Is a complex sound wave. The waveform of a complex tone repeats itself but is not sinusoidal.
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| Loudness | Is determined mainly by the amplitude of the sound wave. The greater the amplitude of the sound wave that reaches your eardrums, the greater the perceived loudness of the sound.
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| Pitch | A sound is the perception of highness or lowness. The sound of a soprano voice has a high pitch and that of a bass voice has a low pitch. The pitch of a sound depends primarily on the frequency of the sound wave.
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