PHYSICS GCSE P4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| An atom consists of a what charged nucleus, surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons? | show 🗑
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| In a stable, neutral atom, are the positive and negative chargers the same amount? | show 🗑
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| An atom has four electrons, how many protons does it have? | show 🗑
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| When a polythene rod is rubbed with a duster, electrons are transferred from the duster onto the polythene. Does this make it negatively charged or positively charged? | show 🗑
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| Why does an acetate rod become positively charged when rubbed with a duster? | show 🗑
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| What happens when a) acetate rods are brought together? b) polythene rods are brought near each other | show 🗑
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| When sparks occur from electricity, or there is an explosion, what does this mean there is present? | show 🗑
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| show | The rate of flow of charge
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| Statis electricity is when dust is attracted to insulators like tv, or when materials cling to the body. Is this dangerous? | show 🗑
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| How can electric shocks be avoided? (2 things) | show 🗑
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| show | A spark from the static electricity could ignite the flammable gases in the air
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| Suggest how tumble drier sheets can reduce static 'cling' in your clothes? | show 🗑
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| show | A procedure to restore regular hearth rhythm by delivering an electric shock through the chest to the heart
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| Suggest why the paddles of a defibrillator must be placed firmly on the bare chest? | show 🗑
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| show | Power = energy / time
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| A shock from a defibrillator supplies 400J. It is switched on for 5 milliseconds (0.005), what is the power? | show 🗑
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| Is the nozzle of a spray painter positively or negatively charged? | show 🗑
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| show | Electrons flow to or from earth to keep the frame uncharged giving a more even coverage. There is less waste.
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| show | A dust precipitator
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| show | Negative
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| show | To charge the soot particles when they come near the wires
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| show | It is the flow of electric charge
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| show | Negatively
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| show | Measured in amperes (A) using an ammeter
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| show | A variable resistor
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| What is resistance measured in" | show 🗑
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| show | Resistance = potential difference / current
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| The pd (potential difference) across a resistor is 4.0V when the current through it is 0.5A. What is its resistance? | show 🗑
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| What is the live wire in a plug used for? | show 🗑
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| What colour is the live wire and where is it positioned? | show 🗑
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| What is the neutral wire used for? | show 🗑
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| show | It is blue and is the top wire
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| What it the earth wire used for? | show 🗑
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| show | It is green and it to the left
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| Calculate the current in a 10 ohm resistor when the pd across it is 4V | show 🗑
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| show | V = IR
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| What is the formula to find the current ? | show 🗑
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| show | Wire in a fuse melts if the current becomes too large, breaking the circuit and preventing overheating
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| show | By vibrating particles that form a longitudinal wave
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| show | 1) vacuum , dense , faster
2) frequency , smaller
3) sound , energy
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| show | Sounds which have too high a frequency for humans to hear (above 20 kHz)
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| What happens to the particles in a longitudinal wave? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the particles in a transverse wave? | show 🗑
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| How is ultrasound used to break down kidney stones? | show 🗑
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| Body fat is denser than air. I which medium will ultrasound travel faster? | show 🗑
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| show | Transverse
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| In body scans, When ultrasound is reflected from different parts of the body the depth of each structure is calculated by what formula? | show 🗑
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| Why is ultrasound preferred to x-ray? | show 🗑
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| An ultrasound pulse travels 20cm further when it is reflected from one side of the head of a foetus compared to the other side. How big is the head? | show 🗑
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| The time delay for an ultrasound echo in a soft tissue was 0.0004 seconds. At what depth was it reflected if the speed of ultrasound in th soft tissue was 1200m/s? | show 🗑
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| What are the three types of radiation? | show 🗑
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| show | From the nucleus of an unstable atom
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| Describe alpha | show 🗑
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| Describe beta | show 🗑
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| show | Very penetrating and is used in medicine. Cobalt-60 is a gamma emitting material which is used to treat cancers.
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| show |
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| show | Ionisation
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| What is radiotherapy ? | show 🗑
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| show | Similarities
1 both have very small wavelength
2 both damage or kill living cells
Differences
1 x-rays are easy to control, gamma rays are not
2 gamma rays can sterilise equipment
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| show | It emits an alpha or a beta particle, losing any surplus energy by emitting gamma rays
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| What is a radioactive tracer used for? | show 🗑
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| show | Iodine is taken up by the thyroid gland and it emits only gamma radiation
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| show | Radioisotope
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| show | So that the tumour recieves full dose of radiation but healthy tissue recieves less radiation
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| show | Alpha, beta and gamma radiation
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| What is an isotope? | show 🗑
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| show | Radioactive decay is a random process
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| show | 4 hours
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| show | The time taken for half the nuclei present to decay
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| What are the properties of alpha and it's nuclear equation for decay? | show 🗑
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| show | Negatively charged, has a very small mass, travels very fast, is an electron
14 14 0
C ---> N + e
6 7 -1
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| show | 215
Po
84
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| What is the background radiation? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Find leaks in underground pipes
2. Track dispersal of waste materials
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| show | Iron was never living so does not contain carbon-14
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| What is carbon-14 | show 🗑
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| show | Only gamma radiation will penetrate through pipes, ground, etc
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| Why would you expect a new rock to contain a bigger proportion of uranium to lead than an old rock? | show 🗑
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| The half life of carbon-14 is 5600 years. Why can't it be used to date an object believed to be about 100 years old? | show 🗑
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| What happens when an object dies? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreases
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| Natural uranium consists of 2 isotopes, which are? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) a neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom
2) the nucleus is now less stable than before
3) it splits in 2 parts and releases energy
4) several atoms produced, may go on to strike the nuclei of other atoms causing further fission
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| What is meant by 'enriched uranium'? | show 🗑
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| What is a chain reaction? | show 🗑
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| show | Very low: placed in a sealed plastic bags then buried/burned under strict controls
Low: embedded in glass disc and buried in the sea
High: reprocessed to make more radioactive materials
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| Why is radioactive waste dangerous? | show 🗑
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| What do the control rods do in a nuclear reactor? | show 🗑
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Created by:
Lowri
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