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Ancient Philosophers Test

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1.
Proclaiming his own ignorance of all things, he went around Athens engaging in Q&A sessions to search for truths or draw out contradictions. The Socratic Method
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2.
a pre-Socratic thinker from the Greek colony of Miletus who many consider to be the “first philosopher.”
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A student of Plato; in turn, he was a tutor to Alexander the Great. Many of his works come to us in the form of lectures he gave at his school, known as the Lyceum.
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He himself was something of an eccentric—according to legend, he lived in a tub or a barrel on the street, and wandered Athens holding a lamp in his futile search for an honest man.
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Student of Parmenides, who founded the Eleatic school in a Greek colony of the Italian peninsula. He is most famous today for his paradoxes, the best-known of which involve an arrow in flight and a race between Achilles and a tortoise.
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His namesake school, Epicureanism, believed that pleasure was the highest (or only) good, and that the absence of pain (aponia) was the highest pleasure.
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He put much importance on ren, the inner state which allows one to behave compassionately toward others, and on a concept called li, which can help individuals attain ren.
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A pivotal thinker from China’s Spring and Autumn period, his views on proper conduct and filial piety still influence China to this day. Many sayings attributed to him were compiled by his disciples following his death in a text known as the Analects.
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Believed the best government would be one where philosopher-kings have the power
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Also a civil engineer and mathematician, he is credited with discovering that any triangle whose hypotenuse is the diameter of a circle must be a right triangle.
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Though he is better remembered today for his role in the political life of the Roman Republic, “Tully” was also a significant philosopher.
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They also believed that human happiness consisted of a kind of tranquillity known as ataraxia. Critics accused his school of promoting hedonism and making selfishness into a good, though they did not believe themselves to be hedonists.
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quasi-mythical thinker of the Taoist tradition, to whom the pivotal Tao te Ching is attributed. Concepts associated with him include that of the Tao, or “the way,” and wu wei, or a life of non-action in accordance with the Tao.
A.
Thales
B.
Cicero
C.
Diogenes
D.
Socrates
E.
Confucius
F.
Zeno of Elea
G.
Aristotle
H.
Plato
I.
Confucius
J.
Epicurus
K.
Lao Tzu or Laozi
L.
Epicurus
M.
Thales
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14.
His Socratic dialogues are our main source both for Socrates’s philosophy and his own; he often put his own thoughts in Socrates’ mouth.
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15.
We have no writings from his own hand, and know about him largely from the dialogues of his student Plato.
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His paradoxes purport to show that physical movement is impossible, since any attempt to travel a distance must be preceded by moving half that distance, which must be preceded by moving half of half that distance, and so on.
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His trial, imprisonment, and death are recounted in Plato’s Apology, Crito, and Phaedo, respectively.
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A student of Antisthenes, who founded the ancient school of philosophy known as Cynicism. (The term “cynic” comes from the Greek for “dog-like,” and is thought to have originated as an insult to the school’s members.)
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Believed in a world of “forms”—or ideal versions of real things that lie beyond the human senses—which he discussed in such works as the Phaedo.
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In later centuries, he was accorded godlike status as one of the Three Pure Ones of Taoism, and is frequently depicted as an old man with a donkey. To him is attributed the quote “The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
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He described the ideal state in such dialogues as On the Republic and On the Laws, while he discussed Epicurean and Stoic views on religion in On the Nature of the Gods.
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Through the Middle Ages and Renaissance, he was considered one of the most important of ancient philosophers. Indeed, Saint Augustine asserted that he turned to philosophy as a result of reading a now-lost work by him known as the Hortensius.
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23.
Epicureanism

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