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Enlightenment 18th c Test

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1.
What vaccine was developed in the late 18th century?
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2.
Which astronomer proved the elliptical orbit path?
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3.
According to Adam Smith, what would foster economic growth?
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4.
Key Term- open-field system.
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5.
What movement did Rousseau found?
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6.
Who was famous for the phrase "Ecrasez l'infame"?
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7.
What is Joseph II noted for?
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8.
What factors helped eliminate the plauge?
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9.
What was the Seven Years' War?
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10.
According to Locke, when is okay for the people to revolt?
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11.
According to Locke, what is the social contract?
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12.
Which religion supported the new heliocentric view and why? Which religion did not?
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13.
What did Voltaire preach?
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14.
What is an ideal Enlightened Despot?
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15.
Who was Francois Quesnay and what ideas did he support?
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16.
To Rousseau what is the goal of the individual? The group?
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17.
What advances were made in mathematics and medicine during the scientific revolution?
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18.
What did Montesquieu write and what did he argue?
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19.
What territories did Catherine the Great take over?
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20.
What ideas did Rousseau advocate in his Emile?
A.
A ruler that aimed for the advancement of socviety by fostering education, aiding the economy, and promoting social justice.
B.
She annexed Polish and Ottoman land.
C.
Johann Kepler.
D.
Math- development of probablity and calculus. Medicine- advances in surgery, anatomy, drug therapy, and the discovery of microorganisms.
E.
Form of agriculture where arable land is divided in a cimmunity in strips which were designated to an individual family.
F.
He was the leader of the physiocrats. Their motto was the laissez-faire. Believed that governments should remove restraints to free trade.
G.
The Protestants supported the new view because the new theory symbolized Europe's intellectual freedom. The Catholic church did not because it seemed to contradict the primacy of humanity in God's creation.
H.
The smallpox vaccine.
I.
He wrote the Spirit of the Laws. It argued that the powers of the government must be separated to avoid despotism. The system would work due to its checks and balances. Much like our systems today.
J.
Free competition, limited government regulation and individual self-interest expressed through a supply and demand market system.
K.
Voltaire. (It means "Crush the infamous.")
L.
A war fought between France and England and its allies over the competition for colonies.
M.
Deism. Human reason is good.
N.
The agreement between a fair government and responsible individuals.
O.
Better sanitation. Introduction of quarantine methods. Elimination of the black rat.
P.
Guaranteeding freedom of press and religion, reforming judicial system for greater class equality, German is made official language. Abolish serfdom!! He's in Austria.
Q.
He argued that children need to be understood as individuals and that they need caring from their teachers and parents.
R.
Romantic movement.
S.
When the government oversteps its boundaries of protecting the life, liberty and property of the citizens.
T.
Individual- To attain full expression of natural instincts. Group- To attain national self-determination.
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21.
Who wrote the Two Treatsies on Civil Government?
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22.
What family ruled Prussia for the 18th century?
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23.
Who were the aristocratic landowners in Russia?
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24.
Which English thinker advocated the inductive (or experimental) method?
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25.
Which scientist disvoered the natural laws of motion? (Gravity?)
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26.
What was Prussia famous for duing the time of the Enlightenment?
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27.
The conviction that the laws of nature are fathomable by human reason and that humanity is perfectable.
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28.
A system developed by various European states to guarantee a favorable balance of trade with other European nations or with their American colonies.
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29.
Saw God as a cosmic clockmaker who created the perfect universe and therefore does not have to intervene in it.
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30.
A condition of being bound to the land that had ended in virtually all of Western Europe.

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