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Musical Concepts

HSC Musical Concepts

TermDefinition
ascending heading upwards
descending heading downwards
steps notes that are next to each other
leaps notes that are not next to each other
repeated notes a short series of notes that have the same pitch
range the distance from the highest to the lowest note
register the general area of pitch
arpeggio the notes of a chord played one after another
broken chord notes of a chord played played separately in various orders
counter melody a second melody that is independant to another melody
ornamentation decorating a melody
trill rapidly playing a note and its neighbour
slide moving between two pitches sounding all off the frequencies between
grace notes short notes that decorate a single note
bend slightly increasing or decreasing the pitch of a note after it has been sounded
improvisation a melody that is freely created on the spot
call and response two melodies that are heard after each other similar to question and answer
phrases the divisions of melodies. these can be balanced or unbalanced
sequence a chord progression or melody that repeats higher or lower in succession
imitation an instrument copying parts of a previously heard melody
riff a melodic idea that is heard in various points of a song
definite pitch that can be found on the piano
indefinite pitch that cant be found on the piano
octave a jump if 8 notes
drone a long sustained pitch
consonant harmony that is agreeable and not clashing
dissonant harmony that clashes
major of the major scale
minor of the minor scale
pentatonic a scale of 5 notes
blues scale a scale that is used in blues music
chromatic a series of semitones or notes borrowed form other scales
diatonic notes that are from the particular scale/key
atonal a piece that does not have a key as it is not major or minor
modulation a change in key
rate of chord change describing the frequency of chordal movement
12 bar blues a chord pattern that is used in blues and early rock music
pedal point a constantly repeating pitch
omm-pah-pah a bass note followed by the sounding of two chords
power chord a chord that has no 3rd
major 7th a chord that adds the 7th note
dominant 7th a chord that adds the flattened 7th note
diminished a chord that is based on minor thirds
parallel a part that has a similar shape to another
contrary when one part moves in an oppisite direction
oblique then one part stays the same and another moves
primary triads chords I IV V
walking bass line a bass line that is based on an arpeggio of a dominant 7th chord
beat the pulse of music
accent a strong or emphasised note
backbeat beats 2 and 4
offbeat accuentating between beats
syncopation notes that are off the beat
adagio slowly
andante At a walking pace
moderato moderatly
allegro fast
vivace Lively and fast
presto Very Fast
accelerando gradually getting faster
ritardando Gradually Slowing Down
pause a held note held at the condutor or performers discression
rubato a flexible tempo using slight variations of speed to enhance musical expression
simple a time signature that has beats divided into two
compound a time signature that has beats divided into 3
irregular 7/4 and 5/7 are examples
time signature the number of beats in a bar
multimetre quick numerous changes in time signatures
complex a rhythm that uses a variety of notes
short quavers and semiquavers
long semibreves and minims
ostinato a repeating musical patter
anacrusis An Upbeat or a pickup note(s); a term used for unstressed notes at the beginning of a phrase of music.
swing rhythm long short pattern oftern used in jazz music
augmentation doubling the values of notes
diminution halving the vlaues of notes
polyrhythm one rhyhtmic part in 2 while another rhythmic part plays in 3
triplet 3 notes in the time of 2
duplet 2 notes in the time of 3
crotchet a one beat note
quaver a half beat note
dotted minim a three beat note
semibreve a four beat note
legato smooth and connected
staccato short and detached
melody the main instrumental layer
accompaniment instruments that support the melody
tutti all or everyone
density the number of instruemnts playing
homophonic a melody with chords
polyphonic having two or more independent but harmonically related melodic parts sounding together
monophonic Consisting of a single unaccompanied MELODIC line.
heterophonic Two melodies that are almost identical
unison all parts playing the same thing
doubling instruments playing the same thing as each other
binary a structure of 2 contrasting sections
ternary a structure of 3 sections where the first and the last are the same
verse a part of a song that has the same tune but different words each time
chorus a part of a song that has the same words and tune each time
bridge a part of a song that has not been heard before and it has words
instrumental a part of a song that has no voices (not at the start)
coda the name for a final ending section of a piece of music
piano soft
pianissimo very soft
mezzo piano moderately soft
forte loud
mezzo forte moderatly loud
fortissimo very loud
crescendo getting louder
decrescendo gradually softer
arco with the bow
pizzicato pluck the strings
roll a drum rapidly repeating a note
falsetto a male singing in head voice
a cappella sung without instrumental accompaniment
acoustic non-electric sound
articulation the way in which notes are to be played
virtuosic extraordinarily talented playing
4/4 simple quadruple
3/4 simple triple
12/8 compound quadruple
9/8 compound triple
6/8 compound duple
2/4 simple duple
tenuto give the note it's full length
fermata musical term for a pause
dolce sweetly
marcato Marked; with emphasis
double sharp a cross plased in front of a note
key signature the sharps or flats at the front of a song
slur line indicating notes are smooth and connected
glissando Sliding from one note to another on an instrument such as a trombone or violin
chord several notes sounded simultaneously
8va play an octave higher
15ma play two octaves higher
tremolo a repidly repeated note
Created by: gyfabitt
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