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Wiles--Module 7
Wiles--Cellular Transport--Module 7 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of molecules act as "carriers" in facilitated diffusion? | proteins |
| What is the definition of osmosis? | water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane from greater to lesser concentration. |
| What is the definition of hypertonic? | contains more solute molecules and less water molecules |
| What word describes a solution that has the same solute and water concentrations as the cell? | isotonic |
| What word would describes a solution which has fewer solutes than the cell it contains? | hypotonic |
| What phrase describes our cell membranes since some molecules are allowed to pass but others are stopped? | selectively permeable |
| What solution is used to test for the presence of starch? | iodine or Lugol's |
| What solution is used to test for the presence of glucose? | Benedict's |
| Unicellular pond organisms such as Amoeba have an organelle that rids themselves of excess water. What is the name of this organelle? | contractile vacuole |
| Give three types of passive transport. | diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion by carrier proteins or channel proteins |
| Any type of cellular transport that requires cellular energy is termed _____. | active transport |
| Cellular energy in the form of _____ is used in active transport. | ATP |
| What cellular organelle releases ATP for the cell to use? | mitochondria |
| What type of endocytosis takes in large amounts of fluids? | pinocytosis |
| What type of endocytosis takes in large particles, such as entire cells? | phagocytosis |
| Define homeostasis. | A stable, internal environment maintained by our body. |
| What is the goal of diffusion and osmosis? | (dynamic) equilibrium |
| What color will iodine turn in a solution if starch is present? | black |
| What is the scientific term for the shrinking of a cell due to loss of water? | plasmolysis |
| What is the scientific term for the bursting of a cell due to gaining too much water? | cytolysis |
| What type of pressure does water exert on the plasma membrane and thus the cell wall of a plant? | turgor pressure |
| A type of active transport by which large molecules are passed to the outside of a cell is ______. | exocytosis |
| What are the two major types of molecules which comprise the cell membrane? | phospholipids and proteins |
| What is the name of the model that describes and explains the composition of our cell membranes? | fluid mosaic model |
| Our cell membranes are a _____ of phospholipids, meaning there are 2 layers of them. | bilayer |
| What type of molecule do our cells most often transport by facilitated diffusion using a coupled channel? | glucose |
| The substance doing the dissolving in a solution is called the ____. | solvent |
| What is the universal solvent? | water |
| The substance being dissolved in a solution is called the _____. | solute |
| How do molecules in passive transport acquire their kinetic energy? What is the name of this process? | through random molecular collisions called Brownian motion; as molecules hit each other, they bounce off, travel in a straight line until they hit another molecule...............transferring kinetic energy to other molecules with each collision |
| Give four factors which affect solubility. | temperature, pressure, concentration gradient (concentration difference), size of solute particles, solubility of particles |
| What type of a cell is an erythrocyte? | red blood cell |
| What will happen to a rbc if placed in a hypertonic solution? | shrink or plasmolysis |
| What will happen to a rbc if place in a hypotonic solution? | it will grow or gain mass; could cytolosize if the concentration gradient is large |
| True or false. Brownian motion still occurs at equilibrium. | true |
| A charged particle is called a(n) ___. | ion |
| What are four types of ions generally transported through ion channels? | calcium, potassium, chlorine, and sodium |
| True or false. The carrier proteins used in facilitated diffusion are specific. | true |
| Give three types of active transport. | pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis |
| How many sodium ions are pumped in one cycle of the sodium-potassium pump? In what direction? | 3 sodium ions are pumped out of the cell |
| How many potassium ions are pumped in one cycle of the sodium-potassium pump? In what direction? | 2 potassium ions are pumped into the cell |
| What type of cells within the human body are known as phagocytes? | white blood cells or wbc's |
| What are the membrane-bound pouches formed during endocytosis called? | vesicles |
| What cellular organelle will fuse with vesicles to digest the contents taken in during phagocytosis? | lysosomes |
| What organs are not working properly if one is having to undergo dialysis? | kidneys |
| What word describes the structure of starch and explains why it would not travel through the dialysis tubing? | it is a polysaccharide which is a macromolecule..it is too large of a molecule to travel through the plasma membrane |
| By what process do water molecules travel through a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? | osmosis |
| What will happen to cell size when placed in an isotonic solution? | stay the same size |
| What is the name of the acid in vinegar? | acetic acid |
| What is the general term for the chemical known as sodium chloride (NaCl)? | salt |
| What will happen to turgor pressure in potato cells if placed in distilled water? | it will increase |
| If a salt solution is 35% salt, what percentage of water comprises the solution? | 65% water |
| What factor determines the direction of diffusion & osmosis? | down the concentration gradient (from greater to lesser concentration) |
| What metric prefix means 1000? | kilo- |
| What metric prefix means 1/100? | centi- |
| What nutrient constitutes the greatest percentage of your body cells? | water |
| What percent solutes is distilled water? | 0% solutes |
| Why can distilled water not be given via IV to a dehydrated patient? | the water difference (concentration gradient) will be so great that water will rush quickly into the patient's cells, thus resulting in cytolysis and possibly death. |
| What type of solution will result in low turgor pressure within carrot cells? | hypertonic solution |
| The phospholipid's tails (which are comprised of two fatty acids) are _____, or "fear water". | hydrophobic |
| If a cell is 85% water, what is its solute concentration? | 15% solutes |
| By what process would ink or dye molecules spread out in a beaker of water? | diffusion |
| What is the definition of biology? | study of life |
| What is the definition of a cell? | basic unit of life |
| Would a dilute or a concentrated solution have more solutes in relationship to the solvent present? | concentrated |
| Give two reasons why molecules might have to be transported through the cell membrane with facilitated diffusion or diffusion through channel proteins or using carrier proteins. | Molecules might be too large or too small to diffuse easily across the cell membrane or the molecules might not be soluble in lipids |
| Why are the proteins involved in active transport called "pumps" rather than carrier proteins? | Because in active transport they move molecules against the concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentrations); also known as up the concentration gradient |
| Molecules that are soluble in _____ will diffuse the easiest across the cell membrane. | lipids |
| hypertonic : plasmolysis :: hypotonic : ______ | cytolysis |
| What does "pino-" mean in Latin? | to drink |
| What does "phago-" mean in Latin? | to eat |
| Explain the relationship between plasmolysis and turgor pressure. | As a cell loses water from being placed in a hypertonic environment, turgor pressure decreases and the cell shrinks known as plasmolysis. |
| What is the fluid outside a cell called? | interstitial fluid |
| By what process would large hormone molecules (macromolecules) be secreted from cells? | exocytosis |
| When the concentration of molecules are the same throughout a space this is known as __________. | (dynamic) equilibrium |
| What does "cyto-" mean in Latin? | cell |
| How can someone smell cologne that has been applied to another person, even if they are in a draft free room? | The cologne evaporates and diffuses out from the wearer. |
| Why do plant cells not cytolosize in hypotonic solutions? | The cell wall will prevent the cell from bursting; turgor pressure will greatly increase though |
| True or false? There is no net movement of molecules when a cell is placed in an isotonic environment. | True; molecules will move equally into and out of the cell; however, the cell will remain the same size and there is no NET movement. |
| Channel proteins embedded in the plasma membrane that allow water to pass through are known as _____________. | aquaporins |
| What type of transport is analogous to a susbstance taking a "piggy-back ride" into or out of a cell with another substance that uses an active transport pump? | coupled transport |
| What color will a substance exhibit if sugars are present once combined with Benedict's solution and heated? | some shade of orange......light orange (fewer amount of sugars) to dark brownish orange (larger amount of sugars) |
Created by:
lburris
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