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Hormone/Target
hormone/target/effect/source PLUS feedback loops
Hormone | Target | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|
calcitonin | bone; kidney | take calcium out of the blood and store it in bone; decrease Ca2+ reabsorption | thyroid |
aldosterone (mineralcorticoid) | kidney (distal tubule and collecting duct) | reabsorb Na+ and water into bloodstream | adrenal cortex |
cortisol (glucocorticoid) | liver, muscle; immune system | breakdown of carbohydrates, fat and protein to increase blood glucose levels in times of long term stress; suppress immune system | adrenal cortex |
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) | anterior pituitary | stimulate FSH and LH secretion | hypothalamus |
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) | anterior pituitary | stimulate thyroxine secretion | hypothalamus |
glucagon | liver | convert glycogen to glucose (increase blood glucose levels) | alpha cells - islets of Langerhans (pancreas) |
insulin | all body cells; liver | increase cells permeability to glucose; convert glucose to glycogen | beta cells - islets of Langerhans (pancreas |
gonadocorticoids | many tissues in male and female | secondary sex characteristics | adrenal cortex |
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | thyroid | stimulate thyroxin secretion | anterior pituitary |
oxytocin | smooth muscle of uterus and breasts | increase contraction of smooth muscle | produced in hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary |
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | kidney (collecting duct) | increase reabsorption of water into bloodstream | produced in hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary |
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - female | growing follicle in ovary | stimulate oogenesis and estrogen production | anterior pituitary |
lutenizing hormone (LH) - female | maturing follicle and corpus luteum in ovary | stimulate oocyte maturation, ovulation, and then progesterone secretion of corpus luteum | anterior pituitary |
prolactin | mammary glands | stimulate milk production | anterior pituitary |
human growth hormone (hGH) | long bones | increased cell division (growth) | anterior pituitary |
adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | adrenal cortex | secretion of cortisol and aldosterone | anterior pituitary |
estrogen | uterus; hair follicles, breasts, fat deposits, hips broader than shoulders | rebuild endometrium after menstrual flow phase; develop secondary sex characteristics at puberty | growing follicle in ovary |
progesterone | uterus | thicken/maintain endometrium after ovulation | corpus luteum in ovary |
testosterone | hair follicles, oil glands, larynx, muscle, shoulders broader than hips; Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules | develop secondary sex characteristics at puberty; spermatogenesis | interstitial cells of testes |
prostaglandins Chapter 14 | smooth muscle of uterus | increase strength and frequency of uterine contractions | uterus |
inhibin Chapter 14 | hypothalamus; anterior pituitary | inhibit FSH secretion to slow spermatogenesis | Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules |
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Chapter 15 | corpus luteum of pregnancy | maintain corpus luteum for first trimester | chorion layer of embryo and then placenta |
epinephrine; norepinephrine | pupils; salivary glands; heart; bronchioles; digestive system; liver | reinforce sympathetic nervous system "fight or flight" response to stress | adrenal medulla |
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - male | Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules | stimulate spermatogenesis | anterior pituitary |
lutenizing hormone (LH) - male | interstitial cells | stimulate testosterone production | anterior pituitary |
parathyroid hormone (PTH) | bone; kidney; small intestine | release calcium into bloodstream | parathyroids |