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Change of State

TermDefinition
Physical change no new substance is formed, but changes may include a change of shape/form, expansion or contraction or a change of state (between solid, liquid or gas).
Change of shape or form may include, bending, stretching, crushing, twisting or compression.
Expansion in many cases when solids and liquids are heated, they take up more space due to the higher kinetic energy of the particles (eg the air in a hot air balloon expands).
Contraction usually when a gas, liquid or solid is cooled, it takes up less space as the particles have less energy (becomes more dense - cold air sinks eg leaks out of the bottom of an open refrigerator door).
Changes of state if enough heating or cooling is applied to a substance, it may either melt (solid to liquid), evaporate (liquid to gas), condense (gas to liquid) or freeze (liquid to solid).
Sublimation direct change of a substance from solid to gas (dry ice).
Deposition direct change of a substance from a gas to a solid (water vapour turning to ice in clouds without becoming a liquid first).
Evaporation occurs at all temperatures, but at a faster rate as the temperature of the fluid increases.
Boiling point the temperature at which bubbles form in a substance due to heating
Condensation water vapour in the air condenses onto cold surfaces - the ability of the air to carry moisture is reduced as the temperature drops.
Mixing when two substances are mixed but no new substance is formed (a packet of M & Ms)
Dissolving when a solid (solute) is dissolved into a liquid (solvent) a solution is formed eg salt or sugar in water. No new substance is formed and the sugar/salt can be extracted from the water by evaporation.
Compression Only gases can be compressed - as there are spaces available between the molecules. Liquids and Solids cannot be compressed.
Melting Solid changes state to a liquid - energy is added. eg Ice in the sun melts to form water
Created by: elisha.steffen
 

 



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