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MCAT Beh. Sci Ch. 8
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Social Facilitation: | Describes the tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around |
Deindividuation: | Is a loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior |
The Bystander Effect: | Describes the observation that when in a group, individuals are less likely to respond to to a person in need |
Peer Pressure: | Refers to the social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals |
Group Polarization: | Is the tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme than the thoughts of the individual group members |
Groupthink: | Is the tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas. |
Culture: | Describes the beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people |
Assimilation: | Is the process by which a group or individual's culture begins to melt into another culture |
Multiculturalism: | Refers to the encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity |
Subcultures: | Refer to a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong |
Socialization: | The process of developing and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs |
Norms: | Are what determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior within society |
Agents Of Socialization: | Include family, peers, school, religious affiliation, and other groups that promote socialization |
Stigma: | The extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society. |
Deviance: | Refers to any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society |
Conformity: | Is changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society |
Compliance: | Occurs when individuals change their behavior based on the request of others. Methods of gaining compliance include the foot-in-the-door technique, lowball technique, and that's-not-all technique. |
Obedience: | Is a change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure |
Attitudes: | Are tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something |
There Are: | Affective, behavioral, and cognitive components to attitudes |
The Functional Attitudes Theory: | States that there are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life: knowledge, ego expression, adaptability, and ego defense |
The Learning Theory: | States that attitudes are developed through forms of learning: direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, and conditioning |
The Elaboration Likelihood Model: | States that attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration (central route processing, peripheral route processing) |
The Social Cognitive Theory: | States that attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, personal factors, and environment |