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Section 2 Bones
Appendicular Skeleton and Basic Joint Info
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the processes of the scapula? | Acromion Process - Superior helps form Glenohumeral Joint Coracoid Process - palpated anteriorly inferior to clavicle 2/3rd of the way over |
| What is the long protuberance on the posterior aspect of the scapula? | Scapular Spine |
| What is the protuberance inferior to the glenoid fossa in the axillary cavity? | Infraglenoid Tubercle |
| What are the Angles and Borders of the scapula? | Inferior Angle - Point at the bottom of the scapula Superior Angle - Point at the top of the medial scapula Lateral Border - edge along the axillary side of the scapula Medial Border - edge along the vertebral side of the scapula |
| What are the fossaes of the scapula? | Suprasinous Fossa - Above Scapular Spine Infraspinous Fossa - Below Scapular Spine Glenoid Fossa or Cavity - In axillary Cavity helps form glenohumeral joint Subscapular Fossa - Anterior surface of scaupla |
| What is the landmark at the proximal end of the humerus bone? | Head of the Humerus |
| What attaches the head of the humerus to the shaft of the bone? | Neck of the Humerus |
| What are the two "bumps" at the anterior proximal aspect of the humerus? | greater and lesser tuberosities |
| Greater Tuberosity of the Humerus is Lateral or Medial? | Lateral |
| The groove between the humeral tuberosities | Intertubicular Groove |
| What is the attachment site for the deltoid on the humerus? How is it palpated? | Deltoid Tuberosity can be palpated by asking someone to resist abduction and feel where the deltoid goes into the bicep |
| Radial "bump" on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the radius | Capitulum |
| What is the middle section of distal end of the humerus and what does it articulate with? | Trochlea articulates with the Olecranon process of the ulna |
| The fossa on each side of the Humerus that articulate with the Ulna | Olecranon Fossa Coronoid Fossa |
| What is the are the processes of the Ulnar bone? | Olecranon Process - Elbow bone Coranoid Process - Anterior aspect in the antecubital fossa |
| What is the notch on the lateral aspect of the ulnar bone? | Radial Notch |
| What is the sharp point at the distal end of the medial ulna? | Ulnar Styloid Process |
| The ulnar head is at what aspect of the bone? (Proximal or Distal) | Distal |
| What is the tuberostiy located inferior to the coranoid process? | Ulnar tuberosity |
| What aspect is the Redial head on? (proximal distal) | Proximal |
| What is the medial tuberosity on the radial bone? | radial tuberosity |
| What is the sharp process at the lateral aspect of the radial bone? | Radial Styloid Process |
| Which bone of the forearm grows small as it goes from proximal to distal? | Ulna |
| Which bone of the forearm grows larger as it goes from proximal to distal? | Radius |
| What are the two important carpals of the hand? | Pisiform (medial protuberance) and Hamate (superior to Pisiform) |
| What are the bones of the wrist called and how many are there? | Carpals, 8 |
| What is the phalangeal conga? :-) | Base, Shaft, Distal Head... Cha cha cha |
| What is the first joint of the hand from the wrist? | Carpometacarpal Joint (CMC) |
| What is the first joint at the fingers? | Metacarpalphalangeal Joint (MCP) |
| What is the joint that articulates the first and second phalanges? | Proximal interphalangeal Joint (PIP) |
| what is the joint that articulates the second and third phalanges? | Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP) |
| What is another word for the Thumb? | Pollux |
| What is the joint at the thumb? | Interphalangeal joint (IP) |
| What three bones that make up the pelvis? | Ilium, Ischium, Public Bone |
| What are the spines of the Ilium? | Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) Posterior Superior Iliac spine (PSIS) Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS) |
| What is the landmark of the Ilium where you "put your hands on your hips"? | Iliac Crest |
| Where on the ilium does the major sciatic nerve pass through? | Greater Sciatic Notch |
| What joint forms with the Sacrum and the Ilium? | Sacroiliac joint (SI Joint) |
| What are the fossaes of the iliac? | Internal iliac fossa External iliac fossa or gluteal surface |
| What is the landmark that makes up your "butt bone"? | Ischial tuberosity |
| What is the curved section of the Ischial bone that helps encompass the obturator foramen? | Ischial Ramus |
| What is the "bump" on the posterior aspect of the Ischium superior to the lesser sciatic notch? | Ischial Spine |
| What is the landmark of the ischium that provides space for some of the sciatic nerve? | Lesser Sciatic Notch |
| What are the two sections of the pubic bone that help encompass the obturator foramen? | Superior and Inferior Public Ramus |
| What are the three anterior landmarks of the pubis bone? | Pubic Crest - Coming down onto the pubic bone Pubic Tubercle - Anterior to the Pubic Crest Pubic Symphysis - Cartilage where the two pubic bones meet |
| What is the articular surface for the femur? | Acetabulum |
| What is the large hole in the pelvic bone and what bones help to form it? | Obturator Foramen Ilium, Ischium, Pubis bone |
| What is the large rounded surface at the proximal end of the femur? | Head of the Femur |
| What attaches the head of the femur to the shaft of the bone? | Neck of the Femur |
| What is the protuberance at the lateral aspect of the proximal femur close to the Femoral Head? | Greater trochanter |
| What is the protuberance at the medial aspect of the proximal Femur inferior to the Femoral Head? | Lesser Trochanter |
| What is the posterior space between the two trochanters of the Femur? | Intertrochanteric Crest |
| What are the "bumps" on the distal aspect of the humerus? | Medial and lateral Epicondyles |
| What are the landmarks coming up proximal from the humeral epicondyles? | Medial and Lateral Supracondylar Ridge |
| What is the "line" on the posterior aspect of the femur? | Linea Aspera |
| What are the two landmarks of the "line" at the posterior aspect of the femur? | Medial and Lateral Linea Aspera |
| What are the ridges on each side of the distal femur? | Medial and Lateral Supracondylar Ridge |
| What is the "bump" inferior to the medial condyle of the femur? | Adductor tubercle |
| What is the "bump" lateral to the lesser trochanter of the femur? | Gluteal tubercle |
| What is the name for your "knee cap"? | Patella |
| What keeps the patella in place | Patellar Tendon |
| The patella develops within what muscle group? | Quadricep |
| The patellar tendon attaches at what landmark of the Tibial bone? | Tibial Tuberosity |
| What is the medial landmark of the tibia that helps to make up the ankle? | Medial Malleolus |
| What does the medial malleolus articulate with? | Talus |
| What bones make up the knee joint? | Tibia, Patella, and Femur |
| What aspect is the fibula bone at in the lower leg? (medial or lateral) | Lateral |
| The fibular head has a ____ degree angle. | 45 |
| The fibular head is distal or proximal? | Proximal |
| Where does the head of the fibula articulate? | Lateral tibial condyle |
| What landmark is at the lateral distal end of the fibula? | Lateral Malleolus |
| What does the lateral malleolus articulate with? | Talus |
| The true ankle joint is called what? | Talucrural Joint |
| The true ankle joint is made of what bones? | Tibia, Fibula, and Talus |
| What is the "bump" on the anterior aspect of the tibia? | Tibial Tubercle |
| What aspect is the Tibia bone at in the lower leg? (medial or lateral) | Medial |
| What are the two protrusions on each side of the proximal tibia bone? | Medial and Lateral Condyles of the Tibia |
| What small foot bones help make up the ankle? | Tarsals |
| What are two important tarsals? | Calcaneus (heel bone) and Talus (forms talocrural joint) |
| What bones make up the main section of the foot? | Metatarsals |
| What is the phalangeal conga? :-) | Base, Shaft, Distal Head... Cha cha cha |
| What are the bones of the toes called? | Phalanges |
| What is another name for the big or great toe? | Hallux |
| What is the arch that stretches from calcaneous to the end of the Metatarsal V? | Longitudinal Arch |
| How many Longitudinal Arches are on one foot? | Two one medial one lateral |
| Which Longitudinal Arch on the foot is larger? (Lateral or Medial) | Medial |
| Which arch stretches across the dorsal aspect of the Tarsals? | Transverse Arch |
| What is the function of a tendon? | Attaches muscle to Bone |
| What is the function of a ligament? | Attaches Bone to Bone |
| What is a bursa? | a sac that is formed to help create movement and decrease friction between two surfaces on the body |
| What are the six types of synovial joints? | Hinge Joint, Pivot Joint, Gliding Joint, Ellipsoidal Joint, Saddle Joint, and Ball and Socket Joint |
| What are examples of each different synovial joint in the body? | Hinge Joint - Elbow Joint Pivot Joint - AA Joint Gliding Joint - Costovertebral joint Ellipsoidal Joint - OA joint Saddle Joint - CMC Joint Ball and Socket - Shouler and Hip Joints |
| What is a joint capsule? | The sac around a synovial joint for protection, mobility, and efficiency |
| What is an articular surface? | Any surface on a bone that accommodates another bone to rest and form a joint |
| What is Synovial Fluid? | Fluid inside a joint capsule to reduce friction and help mobility |
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