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Micro-Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is microbiology? | the science or study of any living thing that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (the science or study of tiny life) |
| What is mycology? | science or study of fungus |
| What is phycology? | science or study of algae |
| What is resident flora? | normal bacteria in and on the body |
| normal flora is also known as? | microbiota |
| benefits of normal flora | prevent overgrowth of harmful microbes, aid in digestion, help make vitamins |
| used thin slice of cork + crude microscope-->saw cells; first to coin the term 'cell' | Robert Hooke |
| first to observe living cells under the microscope; "animalcules"--saw bacteria and protozoa | Anton Von Leeuwenhoek |
| Who challenged spontaneous generation using maggots and rotting meat? | Francesco Redi |
| Who disproved spontaneous generation? | Louis Pasteur (swan-necked flask) |
| microbes roles on our planet and in our lives | marine and freshwater microbes (food chains), soil microbes (nitrogen fixation, decomposition, bioremediation), O2 production (algae), food industry, medications |
| early pioneer of antiseptic procedures | Semmelweis |
| accidentally created the first vaccine by injecting his workers with cowpox to prevent smallpox; this lead to research that created vaccines | Edward Jenner |
| first to use chemicals (Phenol) to sterilize equipment and patient tissue during surgery to prevent contamination; coined the term 'Aseptic Technique' | Joseph Lister |
| states that many diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific microorganisms within the body | germ theory |
| provided the scientific proof for germ theory; also developed technique for pure cultures ->big advances in microbiology | Robert Koch |
| Koch's Postulates (criteria) | Step 1-Microbes present in samples of diseased animal. Step 2-Grow organism in pure culture. Step 3-Inject healthy animal with cultured cells. Step 4-Animal develops same disease. |
| some bacteria make ____ which are resistant to heat and drying and some chemical treatments; boiling is not enough to destroy them | endospores |
| introduces genes from another organism and use the bacteria as a production factory (insulin, growth hormone, clotting factors, vaccines) | genetic engineering |
| refers to the size, shape, and arrangement of cells | morphology |
| development of life from nonliving or decomposing matter | spontaneous generation (or abiogenesis) |
| Pasteur's contributions to microbiology | pasteurization; fermentation; vaccinations; disproved spontaneous generation |
| How did Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation? | heat and swan-necked flask (air able to pass into flask but airborne microbes unable to pass into flask) |
Created by:
nurse savage
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