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A & P Week 3
Ch 5, Ch 6, & Ch7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The two processes of protein synthesis are | transcription and translation. |
| The cell process in which microorganisms or other large particles are engulfed is called | phagocytosis. |
| Glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell? | cytoplasm |
| Red blood cells are placed in an unknown solution. After 45 minutes, the cells are examined and determined to have decreased in size. The unknown solution is | hypertonic. |
| the following phase is NOT correctly matched with its description | anaphase – mitosis is complete |
| Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis into that solution is called _____ pressure. | osmotic |
| Mitosis is subdivided into four phases, including all of the following except | karyophase. |
| The total number of 46 chromosomes per cell is referred to as _________ number. | diploid |
| Diffusion moves | down a concentration gradient. |
| The component that distinguishes one nucleotide from another is the | nitrogen base. |
| If oxygen is available, the pyruvate molecules formed by glycolysis are prepared to enter the next phase of aerobic cellular respiration, called the | citric acid cycle. |
| RNA makes proteins by | translation. |
| In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers? | anaphase |
| Osmosis can be defined as | the net movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. |
| Meiotic division occurs in | primitive sex cells. |
| In the electron transport system, the final electron acceptor is | oxygen. |
| Diffusion can be defined as | the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| In the DNA molecule, a sequence of three base pairs forms a(n) | codon |
| Facilitated diffusion is not an active transport process because it | does not depend on cell energy. |
| Proteins that act as catalysts are called | enzymes. |
| A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a(n) | catalyst. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis? | two haploid gametes |
| Replication of DNA occurs in which phase of interphase? | S phase |
| Meiosis is called “reduction division” because | the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
| Normal mitosis results in | cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. |
| A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called a(n) | allosteric effector. |
| Which of the following is an active transport process? | endocytosis |
| If red blood cells containing 10% solute are placed in a solution containing 10% solute, what will happen? | Water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates. |
| Transcription can best be described as the | synthesis of mRNA. |
| The result of meiosis is | four daughter cells that are haploid. |
| Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be: | an even exchange of material across the membrane. |
| If a sequence of nitrogen bases in nucleic acid were A-U-C-G-A, which of the following would be true about the nucleic acid? | It contains ribose sugar. |
| Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | haploid. |
| Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: | active transport. |
| Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor? | Neoplasm |
| NaCl would move through the cell membrane in which direction? | Both into and out of the cell |
| Phagocytosis is an example of: | endocytosis. |
| The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligatory sequence of its opposing base pairs? | TAGC |
| A sequence of three bases forms a(n): | codon. |
| Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump? | Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell. |
| An individual’s entire set of DNA can be referred to as a: | genome. |
| Which of the following is not true of RNA? | It contains deoxyribose sugar. |
| All of the following are examples of passive transport | filtration. osmosis. dialysis. |
| Diffusion requires: | a concentration gradient. |
| A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following | double helix shape. obligatory base pairing. phosphate groups. |
| A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of: | carrier-mediated transport. |
| T/F The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. | TRUE |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | Prophase |
| All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: | chromosome number remains at 46. |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA. |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: | filtration. |
| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | Metaphase |
| T/F Diffusion uses cellular energy | FALSE |
| The small water channels in the cell membrane are called: | aquaporins. |
| Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: | facilitated diffusion. |
| Water will move through the cell membrane by: | osmosis. |
| Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to: | hypertrophy. |
| A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be: | hypertonic. |
| Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump? | Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell. |
| Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter? | microtubules |
| The outer boundary of a human cell is called the | plasma membrane. |
| This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? | centrosome |
| Ribosomes are organelles that | float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Where is the plasma membrane located? | The outter most layer of the cell |
| Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope. | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| T/F The plasma membrane has tubulin protein | FALSE |
| An example of a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body is? | microvilli |
| An example of a double membrane structure is? | mitochondrion. |
| Where is the nucleus located in a cell? | The most center of every cell |
| lysosome is primarily a sac of? | powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases. |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged | as a bilayer with their polar heads sandwiched between the nonpolar tails. |
| T/F integral proteins in the plasma membrane are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids. | FALSE |
| This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells. | peroxisome |
| Where is the Golgi Apparatus in a cell? | inside the plasma membrane and it looks like little flowers from sponge bob |
| T/F Microfilament is a cytoskeleton element. | False |
| What organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next. ? | Golgi apparatus |
| What membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes? | peroxisome |
| The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called | cytoplasm. |
| T/F mitochondria is an organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae. | TRUE |
| In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passageway for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called | signal proteins. |
| Where is the RER in a cell and what does it look like? | On the inside of the plasma membrane and it looks like a cornmaze that would lead to a nucleus |
| Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the | rough endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Which organelle has both a cis and a trans face? | Golgi Apparatus |
| In a cell, where is the mitochondrion and what it looks like. | It is right outside of the RER and could look like almost as if it were a worm |
| Often referred to as the “power plant” of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production? | mitochondrion |
| What is a gap junction? | a junction that is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other |
| The Nucleus is a | spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the command center |
| A major function of the cell membrane is to | control what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? | Cell division |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: | caveolae. |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: | rRNA. |
| microvilli is called | The cell extension that contains microfilaments |
| Where does ATP production occur in? | Mitochondrion Organelle |
| What are some functions of the proteasome? | Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer. |
| The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: | cell. |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: | faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell. |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
| Main cell structures include: | organelles. plasma membrane. cytoplasm. |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | lysosome. |
| Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? | Golgi apparatus |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes. |
| The centrosome is often called | the microtubule organizing center. |
| What cell can recognize and destroy nonself cells? | Immune cells |
| T/F lysosomes and ribosomes are membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm | TRUE |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | Proteasomes |
| DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? | Nucleus |
| What is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| T/F Ribosomes are surrounded by a membrane structure | FALSE |
| A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: | flagellum. |
| T/F the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes lipids and carbohydrates, made of broad, flattened sacs, has many ribosomes attached to it | TRUE |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules. |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” | Microfilament |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? | Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane Play an important role in the pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells Sometimes allow the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying substances into the cell |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | Primary cilium |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum. |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane. |
| The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? | Mitochondrion |
| T/F Ribosome is considered a nonmembranous organelle | TRUE |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | microvilli. |
Created by:
Brookekotter0322
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