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Transport

Homeostasis and Transport

QuestionAnswer
Passive transport Transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell. Substances move from high to low concentration.
active transport Transport across the cell membrane of a substance against its concentration gradient. Requires energy.
concentration gradient The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space.
equilibrium Concentration of molecules is equal throughout a space.
diffusion The movement of a substance down the substance's concentration gradient (from high to low), in liquids and gases.
osmosis Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
hypertonic soulution Causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis. The concentration of solute is higher outside the cell than inside the cell.
hypotonic solution Causes a cell to swell because of osmosis. The concentration of solute is higher inside the cell than outside the cell.
isotonic solution The concentration of solute is the same on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. There is no net movement of water molecules.
ion channel A transport protein in the cell membrane through which ions can pass.
carrier protein A protein in the cell membrane used to transport specific substances across the cell membrane.
facilitated diffusion Passive transport using carrier proteins. This process is used when molecules cannot diffuse rapidly across the cell membrane, even with a concentration gradient.
sodium-potassium pump A protein in the cell membrane that transports sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. Active transport.
endocytosis Movement of a substance by a vesicle to the inside of a cell. Cells use endocytosis to ingest external fluid , macromolecules and other large particles.
exocytosis Movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell. Cells use exocytosis to expel large particles.
vesicle An organelle that encases macromolecules for transport. May fuse with lysosomes so that contents can be digested.
contractile vacuole An organelle that pumps water out of the cell.
plasmolysis Plant cells "shrinking" within their cell membranes due to a loss of water through osmosis.
turgor pressure The pressure produced by water pushing outward against the cell wall of plants.
pinocytosis Cell "drinking." A type of endocytosis in which the cell brings fluids in.
cytolysis Cells bursting from excess water pressure inside them.
carrier proteins Proteins in the cell membrane that help transport molecules across the cell membrane. Used during facilitated diffusion.
phagocytosis Cell "eating." A type of endocytosis in which large particles are engulfed.
crenation The animal cell version of plasmolysis. Animal cells "shrinking" due to a loss of water through osmosis.
Created by: onceamustang
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