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Fundamentals Course
Theories, Beliefs, Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 levels of knowledge relating to nursing? | Metaparadigm, philosophy, model, nursing theory. |
| Metaparadigm 4 concepts are which of these? person, environment, health, society, nursing. | Abstract level of knowledge. Concepts are person, environment, health, and nursing. |
| Philosophy | Beliefs and values. Provides guidance in practice. |
| Model (aka conceptual framework) | Provides direction for nursing practice, research, and education. |
| Nursing theory | Theories come from conceptual models and can be tested in practice. |
| Grand Theory | Uses broad perspective and provides ways of looking at nursing phenomena from distinct perspectives. |
| Middle-Range Theory | Moderately abstract and has limited variables, is more focused on specific condition or population, can be tested through direct application. |
| The first nursing theory was developed by: | Florence Nightingale |
| Focus was on illness prevention and infection control through clean air, water, and housing. | Florence Nightingale |
| Stressed noise modification, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and conservation of patient energy. | Florence Nightingale |
| Focused on interpersonal roles between patient and nurse in overlapping phases of orientation and working (with identification and exploration), and resolution. | Hildegard Peplau |
| Her theories are most prominent in mental health nursing. | Hildegard Peplau |
| What person focused on the humane and holistic care for patients? | Virginia Henderson |
| What person focused on the environment to allow for healing? | Florence Nightingale. |
| What person focused on self-care deficit as it exists when patients cannot meet their own needs? | Dorothea Orem |
| What person focused on including sensitivity and mindfulness? | Jean Watson |
| Who created the framework for Science of Unitary Human Beings Model? | Martha Rogers |
| What does the Science of Unitalicyry Human Beings Model entail? | 4 dimensions - energy fields; openness; patterns and organizations; and dimensionality. 3 principles - resonancy; helicy; and integrality. |
| Who created the systems model? | Betty Neuman |
| Who created the adaptation model? | Sister Callista Roy |
| Who created the Human Becoming Theory? | Rosemarie Rizzo Parse |
| Who developed the General Systems Framework Theory? | Imogene M. King. |
| Who developed the Theory of Interpersonal Relations? | Hildegard Peplau |
| Which best describes the concept of a nursing discipline? group of like-minded individuals; specific field of study or learning; social group with similar professional skills; theoretical base that reflects nursing practice | Specific field of study or learning. |
| A discipline is: | a field of study or learning, such as nursing, medicine, pharmacy, or physical therapy. Based on a body of knowledge specific to a particular discipline. |
| Non-nursing theories are useful to and frequently integrated into: | nursing practice. |
| Maslow's hierarchy is often used when: | identifying, individualizing, and prioritizing nursing diagnoses. |
| According to Maslow, lower-level physiologic needs: | must be met before higher-level needs are addressed. |
| Nurses use Lewin's Change Theory to: | determine when change is needed and to facilitate the change process. |
| Nurses develop critical-thinking skills and apply them to: | the process of patient care planning. |
| According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, which need must be met first? safety and security; self-esteem; love and belonging; physiological needs | physiological needs |
| Who is associated with Psychosocial Theory? | Erickson |
| Who is associated with Change Theory? | Lewin |
| What does the Change Theory involve? | 1. Unfreezing. 2. Moving. 3. Refreezing |
| Who is associated with Critical-Thinking Theory? | Paul |
| Who developed the Health Belief Model? | Rosenstock |
| Skills from Paul's Critical Thinking Theory nurses use include all of these except (pick 2): Analyze data; establish patient goals; develop a plan of care; revise nursing diagnoses; evaluate patient care plan; implement plan of action | establish patient goals; evaluate the patient care plan |
| Theory that predicts general health behaviors of an individual. (Maslow's Hierarchy; Lewin's Change Theory; Health belief model; Erikson's Theory of Development) | Health belief model |
| In a case of diabetes and nutrition failures with obesity, which addresses the lowest level of need according to Maslow's hierarchy? nutrition education; family support; reportable symptoms; stress management | nutrition education - for the diabetic patient, it is a lower level need based on basic physiological needs that must be addressed before any other need are addressed. |
| Who stated that the imbalance between the patient and environment decreased the patient's capacity for health? | Florence Nightingale |
| Theory involves problem solving and interpersonal processes: | Hildegard Peplau |
| Which nursing theory is the nurse exhibiting when teaching the diabetic patient the correct procedure for blood glucose monitoring? | Dorothea Orem |
| The nurse explained the need for, and advantage of, receiving pain meds before ambulating to a patient who is first day post-op from abdominal surgery. Whose theory did the nurse exhibit? | Virginia Henderson - Humane and Holistic Care for Patients Theory focused to help patients become independent |
| The nurse is teaching a recently diagnosed diabetic patient to administer insulin injections. Whose theory was the nurse demonstrating? | Dorothea Orem - Self-Care Theory focusing on guiding, teaching and supporting to promote the pt's abilities. |
| A patient who is physically stable and healing is withdrawn and refusing treatment following an auto accident which he suffered and amputated limb. Which theory would be beneficial? | Rosenstsock - Health Belief Model - focused on possible reasons pt may not comply with recommendations. |
| Which of Paul's critical thinking skills will the nurse use when developing a care plan for a newly admitted patient? | Experience, Reasoning, Observation |
| According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a pt who is unable to show affection to his wife or accept her reassurances must have which needs met first before love and belonging needs can be addressed? | Physiological needs, safety and security |
| Which theorist stated that the imbalance between the pt and environment decreased the pt's capacity for health? | Florence Nightingale |
| The nurse reflects which theory when helping the patient become as independent as possible before discharge from the hospital? | Virginia Henderson |
| Which overlapping phases are concepts included in Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations? | orientation, resolution, and working |
| The nurse and patient worked together to facilitate communication when the patient was unable to communicate verbally. Whose theory did the nurse exhibit when caring for this patient? | Imogene King |
| The nurse implemented strict infection control procedures for an immunocompromised patient. Whose theory did the nurse exhibit when caring for this patient? | Florence Nightingale |
| The nurse facilitated extended visiting hours and offered additional support to the family of a dying patient. Whose theory did the nurse exhibit when caring for this family? | Jean Watson |
| The nurse is implementing concepts from which theory when facilitating a group discussion that involves problem-solving and interpersonal processes? | Hildegard Peplau |
| The nurse recognizes that the patient seems disinterested when discussing needed dietary changes. Based on Lewin’s Change Theory, which stage does the patient’s disinterest represent? | Unfreezing |
| Based on Lewin’s change theory, when a new mother accepts responsibility for the care of her infant and reports comfort with her role, which change step occurred? | Refreezing |
| Standards | Minimum set of criteria |
| Nursing definition | The protection, promotiomn, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. |
| Holistic | Physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social |
| Profession | an occupation that requires a specialized body of knowledge and training. |
| Primary roles of the nurse. | Promotion of health, prevention of illness, and alleviation of suffering; restoration of health and coping with illness, disability, and issues related to end of life. |
| Roles of nurses include: | Care provider, educator, advocate, leader, change agent, manager, researcher, collaborator, and delegator. |
| The scientific process that nurses use to care for patients. | Nursing process. |
| Person who first published a list of criteria used as a benchmark for determining the status of an occupation as a profession. | Abraham Flexner. |
| Criteria or characteristics processed by nursing that help define it as a profession. | Altruism, body of knowledge and research, accountability, higher education, autonomy, code of ethics, professional organization, cultural diversity, licensure. |
| A public service over personal gain. | Altruism |
| Theory in nursing leads to: | defined skills, abilities, and norms that are enlarged by research. |
| Involves accepting responsibility for actions and omissions, as well as legal, ethical, and professional implications. | Accountability. |
| Educational requirements for nurses include: | diploma, associate's degree, or bachelor's degree to take the NCLEX-RN. |
| When a professional makes decisions in the practice of their profession within their scope of practice, this is called: | autonomy |
| Practice or conduct within a profession is guided by: | a code of ethics |
| Standards of right and wrong. | Ethics. |
| What two organizations develop a code of ethics for nurses? | International Council of Nurses and ANA (American Nursing Association) |
| What is the purpose of the Nursing Code of Ethics? | Guiding nurse practices and conduct |
| Which requirement is mandatory to obtain the RN credential in the United States? | State licensure |
| Which nursing action demonstrates altruism? Accepting responsibility for decisions Focusing on service to others Obtaining an advanced degree Adhering to a code of ethics | Focusing on service to others |
| Standard practices of nursing (6 things) | Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Evaluation |
| Which values does the Nursing Code of Ethics address? | Equal treatment, patient advocacy, commitment to others. |
| The legal limits are set and scope of practice is defined by what government? | Each state or jurisdiction |
| Which examination must a nursing student pass for licensure? MCAT, APRN, NCLEX, ANCC | NCLEx |
| Registered nurses can delegate to which other level of health care provider? ADN, LPN/LVN, CNS, DNP | LPN/LVN |
| A nurse must obtain which educational degree prior to obtaining licensure as an advanced practice nurse? Doctor of nursing practice Master of science in nursing Advanced practice specialist Bachelor of science in nursing | Master of science nursing |
| Which statements are true of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs)? -APRNs provide at least some level of direct patient care. -Collaboration is a core competency for APRNs. -NPs treat primarily complex patient health care problems. -DNP is the entry level for APRN specialty practice. -APRNs have acquired theoretical research-based and practical knowledge | APRNs provide at least some level of direct patient care. Collaboration is a core competency for APRNs. APRNs have acquired theoretical research-based and practical knowledge |
| Which activity is within the LPNs/LVNs scope of practice? -Administer intramuscular medications -Initiate the patient’s plan of care -Provide patient teaching -Update nursing diagnoses -Collect patient data | Administer intramuscular medications Collect patient data |
| During the role of socialization process, which ability does the student acquire to transform into a nurse? - Prioritize concerns - Speed and flexibility - Analytical decision making - Use of previous experience | Prioritize concerns |
| The new graduate nurse attending the hospital’s orientation session is an example of which process? Becoming competent, Vision development, Character shaping, Role socialization | Role socialization |
| Which characteristic exemplifies nursing as a profession? | Autonomy in decision-making |
| Which process is involved in the nurse’s socialization into the profession of nursing? | Learning the theory necessary for the nursing role |
| Which option is available to nurses who want to expand their practice, but do not desire to return to formal education? | Become certified in current practice area |
| A patient is considering a new health care provider. What is the difference between a FNP and a CNS? | Serve as primary care providers |
| A nurse who holds a PhD can engage in which role? | Educator, researcher, scholar |
| When the nurse collaborates with the dietary department to provide a kosher meal for a patient, which professional criterion does this action support? | Diversity |
| A nurse taking continuing education classes is an example of which professional nursing criteria? | Licensure |
| Which is the most important group a nurse can join to gain support and foster growth within the profession? | Professional organization |
| Which term describes nurses who engage in selfless acts? | altruistic |
| Which is the best document for the nurse to consult when making decisions about nursing practice or conduct? | code of ethics |
| Which entity publishes and updates the Standards of Nursing Practice? | American Nurses Association |
| Which is the best document for the nurse to consult to ensure delivery of quality patient care? | ANA Standards of Nursing Practice |
| Which statement differentiates APRNs from RNs? | They are approved to practice in expanded roles |
| Who can update a patient’s plan of care, but cannot initiate that plan of care? | LVN/LPN |
| What is a benefit for new nurses who join professional organizations as part of the socialization process? | Access to current resources |
| Who made a significant contribution to nursing by authoring Notes on Nursing? Florence Nightingale Clara Barton Lenah Higbee Virginia Henderson | Florence Nightingale |
| When defining nursing as a holistic profession, which dimensions are necessary to fully care for patients? Physical Mental Emotional Educational Financial | physical, mental, and emotional |
| Head of the U. S. Sanitary Commission | Dorothea Dix |
| Established American Red Cross | Clara Barton |
| America's first trained nurse graduating in 1873 | Linda Richards |
| Superintendent of the U. S. Navy Nurse Corps | Lenah Higbee |
| Year Florence Nightingale wrote Notes on Nursing. | 1860 |
| Year Nightingale cared for injured in the Crimean War. | 1854 |
| Year UK Nursing and Midwifery council was initiated | 2002 |
| Year U. S. Air Force Nurse Corp was formed | 1949 |
| Year Army Nurse Corps was founded | 1901 |
| Novice | student or nurse with no prior experience |
| Competent is __ to __ years in a clinical position. | 2-3 |
| Proficient is more than __ to ___ years of experience in the same clinical position | 2-3 |
| Expert is a ____ experience and ____ grasp of a clinical problem | diverse; intuitive |
| Which nursing proficiency is defined as being able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals? Expert Competent Advanced beginner Proficient | Competent |
| Which entity sets legal limits for nursing practice? State Board of Nursing American Nurses Association National League for Nursing International Council of Nurses | State Board of Nursing |
| Within which roles do nurses serve? Care provider Educator Therapist Researcher Analyst | Care provider, educator, researcher |
| Nurses function in which role when they ensure two or more people work together to accomplish a common goal? Change agent Manager Collaborator Advocate | Collaborator |
| Which basic components are included in the EBP (Evidence Based Practice) process? Assessing the need for change Critically appraising the evidence Determining a plausible hypothesis Identifying applicable variables Designing change for practice | Assessing the need for change Critically appraising the evidence Designing change for practice |
| The nurse asks unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to take a patient’s vital signs prior to surgery. Which nursing role does this action represent? Educator Delegator Leader Change agent | Delegator |
| Which organization’s definition of nursing includes the autonomous role of nurses? | International Council of Nurses |
| Which statement by a student demonstrates accurate understanding of a “competent” nurse, according to Benner’s Novice to Expert Model? | A nurse who uses more analytical thinking |
| According to Benner’s Novice to Expert Model, a nurse who sees situations holistically and perceives deviations from normal is at which level of clinical nursing practice? expert, novice, competent, proficient | proficient |
| A charge nurse in the intensive care unit (ICU) is trying to motivate other staff members to obtain certifications. Which nursing role does this action represent? manager, collaborator, educator, leader | leader |
| When the nurse recognizes a problem and collects data to sufficiently support the need for policy updates, what role is the nurse demonstrating? advocate, manager, researcher, delegator, change agent | advocate, researcher, change agent |
| Which early nursing leader made significant contributions to the field of epidemiology? | Nightingale |
| Regardless of how it is defined, nursing is described as which kind of profession? holistic, compassionate, collaborative, feeling | holistic |
| Which entity regulates prescriptive authority for advanced practice nurses (APRNs)? | State boards |
| Prior to discharge, the nurse reviews prescribed medication side effects and discusses conditions with the patient that should be reported to the health care provider. Which nursing role do these actions represent? delegator, leader, educator, manager | educator |
| The nurse works with the physical therapist and the family to allow a child who is confined to a wheelchair to eat lunch outside. What nursing role does this action represent? collaborator, leader, educator, change agent | collaborator |
| The charge nurse is authorized to make changes in the number of staff members who work that shift, based on the number and acuity of patients on the unit. Within which nursing role is the charge nurse functioning? leader, manager, collaborator, delegator | manager |
| A mother is concerned she won’t be able to ask questions of her child’s health care provider before she leaves for work. The nurse assures the mother the questions will be asked and recorded in writing at the child’s bedside. Which role is the nurse demonstrating? educator, leader, advocate, manager | advocate |
| The nurse implements several pain relieving interventions, teaches relaxation techniques, re-evaluates the patient’s pain throughout the shift, and revises the plan of care as needed. Which nursing roles do these actions demonstrate? educator, leader, care provider, manager, collaborator | educator, care provider |
| Nurses become involved in evidence-based practice (EBP) when they do what? | Apply research findings to their practice |
| Which nursing action describes the nurse’s role of advocate? assessing documentation on urine amount in the bag; review and revise treatment plan; accept pt's advanced directive for lmt'd life sustaining tmt; transferring responsibility of vital signs to aid. | accepting pt's advanced directive for limited life sustaining treatment |
| A nurse is teaching a class to pre-nursing students. She asks the students to tell her the definition of caring according to the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics. Which student’s answer is the correct definition of caring? -An act of kindness -Providing appropriate medical care -Ensuring an individual is not in pain - Having concern or regard for that which affects the welfare of another | Having concern or regard for that which affects the welfare of another |
| A nurse is demonstrating how to display caring professional behavior toward a nursing home resident. Which behavior displayed by the nurse would depict a non-caring attitude toward the resident? Asking the resident for money Ignoring the resident who is in pain Asking the resident to borrow her jewelry Flirting with the resident’s boyfriend who is visiting | Ignoring the patient in pain |
| How do the nursing theories of caring affect nursing practice? | The nursing theories of caring provide insight to enrich and guide nursing practice. |
| What is the focus of Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory? Care focuses on patients holistically. Care is a central component of nursing. Certain cultures need more care than others. Nurses should not be biased when delivering care. | Care is a central component of nursing |
| According to Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory, which practice would be inappropriate for a nurse? Adapting healthcare practice Limiting care for certain cultures Restricting some cultural practice Preserving the patient’s cultural health practice | Limiting care for certain cultures |
| A nurse is teaching a group of students about behaviors of being a caring nurse. The nurse distinguishes between caring and codependency in a nurse. Which of these is a characteristic of a caring nurse? Patient advocate Prompt discharge of patients Geriatric medicine Alternative method of pain relief | Patient advocate |
| When choosing a life-long career, what motivates people to choose nursing? Good salary Job security Desire to help others Make a name for themselves | Desire to help others |
| Which behaviors are demonstrated by a caring nurse? Actively listening to the patient Assuring that the patient has a bedside toilet Establishing trust through lines of open communication Ensuring that the patient sleeps eight hours each night Making certain the patient eats all meals each day | Actively listening to the patient Establishing trust through lines of open communication |
| In today’s technical world of nursing, what is considered the most valuable method of nonverbal communication? Body language Caring touch Eye contact Hand gestures | Caring touch |
| Through what means is the purpose of nursing fulfilled, according to Travelbee’s theory? empathy, quality care, human-to-human relations, making fewer errors in pt care | human-to-human relations |
| Which are components of the interaction process in Travelbee’s Theory of Caring? empathy, apathy, neglect, original encounter, sympathy | empathy, sympathy, and original encounter |
| What should be the focus of compassionate nursing care, according to Travelbee? codependence, empathy, human relations, spiritual connection | human relations |
| What is an example of an important caring behavior in nursing? giving a bed bath, administering shots, providing shock therapy, obtaining pt history | administering shots |
| A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the importance of caring touch. What task-oriented behaviors exhibited by the nursing students would show that the lesson on touch was effective? giving bath, starting IV, suturing NG tube, obtaining proper physical history, touching pt's arm when speaking | giving bath, starting IV, suctioning NG tube |
| When is a nurse touching the patient perceived as being intrusive or hostile by the patient? when pt is asleep, when pt is on mechanical ventilator, when pt is anxious about surgical procedure, when pt is under influence of drugs/alcohol, when pt is victim of abuse | when pt is under influence of drugs/alcohol and when pt is victim of abuse |
| A nurse is working with a 38-year-old Lebanese patient in the hospital recovering after surgery. The patient explains that it is Muslim tradition to visit the sick, and she needs everyone around to help her recover. The nurse closes the curtain to allow privacy. According to Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory, what nursing action is being displayed to provide cultural congruent care? | The nurse is accommodating the health care practices of the patient’s cultural practices by allowing family but closing the curtain to provide nursing care. |
| Which are nursing theories of care? Hippocrates Theory of Care; Leininger's Cultural Care Theory; Nightingale's Theory; Swanson's Middle Range Theory of Caring; Watson's Theory of Human Caring | Leininger's Cultural Care Theory; Swanson's Middle Range Theory of Caring; Watson's Theory of Human Caring |
| Which statement is true regarding codependency? Codependency may lead to controlling behavior; codependency helps promote a healthy lifestyle; codependency can lead to fewer emotional problems; codependency is a true concern for the welfare of others | codependency may lead to controlling behavior |
| A nurse is teaching an orientation class for new nurses. In discussing the difference between caring and codependency, which behavior would the nurse most likely identify as an example of a destructive behavior that can facilitate codependency? gambling, cycling, flying, crossfit | gambling |
| A 55-year-old female Muslim patient is on the surgical floor on the second postoperative day. According to Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory, which nursing actions would be appropriate for this patient? lowering the height of the bed and offering a prayer mat; telling pt prayer should be done at home; offering pt sleeping pill to calm anxiety about daily prayer; providing pt recorded Christian hymns | lowering height of bed and offering pt prayer mat |
| A 48-year-old, obese female of Middle Eastern origin is admitted with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The health care provider recommends an oral antidiabetic medication, but the patient insists on trying some of her herbal supplements first. After the nurse discusses the patient’s wishes with the health care provider, a pharmacist and dietician are consulted for the patient and her family. Which part of Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory is the nurse implementing with this action? | preserving cultural practice |
| In Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, what is suggested to promote healing and wholeness? conscious intention to care; subliminal intention to care; unconscious intention to care, subconscious intention to care | Conscious intention to care |
| According to Watson’s Theory of Caring, what does the term “transpersonal” mean? To be kind; to go beyond one's ego; to reach out and touch someone; to create a physical bond between nurse and pt | to go beyond one's ego |
| Which type of factors was Watson’s Theory of Caring originally built on? carative; causative; cognitive; complex | carative |
| Why is it essential for a nurse to be self-aware of his or her own beliefs and values? Self-awareness makes nurses more clinically competent. Patient anxieties are lessened when a nurse is self-aware. A self-aware nurse is better able to recognize vulnerabilities within the patient. Self-awareness helps a nurse respect a patient’s privacy, dignity, and religious or cultural beliefs. | Self-awareness helps a nurse respect a patient’s privacy, dignity, and religious or cultural beliefs. |
| Self-awareness is the conscious knowledge of one’s own____________. Character Feelings Motives Needs Desires | Character, motives, feelings and desires. |
| What is the perception of what is right, true, and real? Values Self-awareness Beliefs Culture | Beliefs |
| _____ _____ beliefs are primarily unconscious thoughts. Zero-order First-order Second-order Higher-order | Zero-order |
| The belief that an object can exist even when you cannot see or hear it is which category of belief? Zero-order First-order Higher-order Tertiary-order | Zero-order |
| Which is an appropriate nursing action when caring for a terminally ill patient? Share personal beliefs about end-of-life care. Engage the patient to defend his or her values. Advise the patient on making choices about care. Ensure the patient has reached an informed choice. | Ensure the patient has reached an informed choice |
| Which is a method whereby a person can discover his or her own values by assessing, exploring, and determining what those personal values are and how they affect personal decision-making? Self-awareness Values clarification Values system Zero-order belief | Values clarification |
| __________________ include the life principles that are most important to people and shape their thoughts, feelings, and, ultimately actions. Beliefs Cultures Paradigms Personal values | Personal values |
| Most important principles that shape one's thoughts, feelings, and actions. | values |
| Conscious knowledge of one's own character, feelings, motives, and desires. | self-awareness |
| Perception of what is right, true, and real. | beliefs |
| Way of life for a group of people | culture |
| Which are effective methods to incorporate the patient's beliefs and values system in their care to promote wellness? asking relevant questions; telling pt the correct beliefs to adopt; actively involving pt in establishing goals and outcomes; involving pt in determining which interventions should be implemented; providing swift care directly from the physician w/o tedious explanations about procedures | asking relevant questions; actively involving the pt in establishing goals and outcomes; involving pt in determining which interventions will be implemented |
| An aging patient is admitted to the hospital under the guardianship of his daughter, who does not agree with his belief in alternative medicine. When the patient’s daughter leaves the room, he consults the nurse for advice. Using the values clarification process, what should the nurse do? | help the patient make an informed decision about the next step |
| A nurse in the emergency department is helping with a blood transfusion for a gunshot victim with the same blood type as herself, and hopes the blood she is transfusing is from her own donation. When she discovers that the injury occurred when the patient was attempting to steal a wallet, the nurse feels horrified that it may be her blood being transfused into the thief. What is the nurse experiencing? | values conflict |
| A nurse in the children’s ward is caring for a boy with impetigo who is experiencing some discomfort. In a private moment with the father, the nurse is shocked to learn that the reason they did not give the boy antibiotics was that they did not want to kill the living bacteria causing the condition. Later, she still feels angry that the family would make their son suffer to save a colony of highly contagious bacteria. Which concept best explains why she feels the way she does? | values |
| A nurse is assessing an eight-year-old girl in the hospital for tonic-clonic seizures. In speaking with the parents through the couple’s ten-year-old son who is interpreting for them, the nurse is not sure that they understand the provider’s orders for the medication the girl is supposed to receive for her epilepsy. What is the most appropriate reason the family is not compliant with the prescribed medication? | culture |
| A nurse is caring for a woman in her 20s recovering from a mastectomy after cancer was detected. The woman’s twin sister is visiting and they are discussing whether the twin should get regular mammograms. The patient says that her early mammogram saved her life. The twin sister says that she does not want to live life worrying about what can go wrong, and that the medical evidence for cancer of the type removed by the surgery indicates the same mortality whether a mastectomy is done or not. Which best expla | personal values |
| Michael grew up in a family where all the women were homemakers and nursed their sick children back to health using natural remedies, while all the men went to work all day long. Which of the following was most likely one of Michael’s first-order beliefs? | all medicines are made of natural ingredients |
| A nurse working in a pain management clinic is having a conversation with an older adult patient with bone cancer, who emigrated from Japan 60 years ago, and his 40-year-old son. The son asks why his father, who is obviously in great pain from his condition, has not received more pain medication. The father says he does not need the medicine and that bearing the pain without complaining is important to him and was how his parents acted when they lived in Japan. What kind of assessment is the best choice in | values clarification |
| A nurse is working with a female patient who has a distended abdomen and has not been able to urinate for 24 hours. After catheterizing the woman, a large amount of clear urine collects in the urine bag. The patient asks for her 32-ounce cup to be filled with water for her to drink right away. The cup is marked with the logo of a local weight loss group. The nurse asks the woman who does not look overweight once her distended bladder is relieved, if she is drinking water to try to lose weight. Sharing this | asking relevant questions |
| A nurse in a skilled nursing facility is meeting her patient for the first time, a woman who is 92 years old and a retired nurse herself. The older woman says she has a Do Not Resuscitate order in her chart, and wishes to have “DNR” written on her chart by her door, in case she should pass away. The intake nurse says, “You were a nurse, too. How can you not allow me to care for you in every instance? You might change your mind later, if I were to bring you back.” What kind of dilemma best describes the inta | ethical |
| Which statements are ones nursing students should learn about the relationship between beliefs and values? The patient’s beliefs and values should not interfere with competent medical treatment. It is important for nurses to have strong professional values to guide their practice that are consistent with society’s expectations of a trusted professional. It is essential for nursing students to develop and continue adhering to critical professional nursing values throughout | It is important for nurses to have strong professional values to guide their practice that are consistent with society's expectations of a trusted professional; it is essential for nursing students to develop and continue adhering to critical professional nursing values throughout their careers; Understanding the importance and the relatedness to beliefs and values is a vital first step. |
| A nurse who is speaking to nursing students explains the importance of respecting patients’ own personal values. She tells the students that personal values include the life principles that are most important to people and shape the way they think. Besides shaping people’s thoughts, what else do values shape? Family relations Actions Genetic predisposition Intelligence | actions |
| A nurse is going over suggested dietary items for a patient who has just been diagnosed with oxalate kidney stones. The patient is anxious to eliminate the painful condition from persisting, but the diet appears to be restrictive of some of his favorite foods. The patient sees cherries and cantaloupe on the low oxalate list the nurse provides, and notes that they are his favorite fresh fruit, but they are expensive and out of season. The nurse suggests that he think of them as his special daily treat, and c | involving the patient in establishing goals |
| The patient recently diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia reveals that he has trouble swallowing pills and cannot take his iron supplements. He is also a vegetarian and cannot consume red meat, which is a good source of iron. What should the nurse do to support the patient? | Include the patient in determining what intervention should be implemented |
| A nurse is teaching a class of new nursing students about the scientific method. The class determines that _______ __________ in the early 1900s changed the approach of nursing from superstition to evidence-based practice. Treating patients Assisting providers Conducting research Developing protocols | conducting research |
| A nurse is teaching a new class of nursing students about the different orders of belief. She asks them to explain the types of belief. Which answers by the students are correct? Higher-order beliefs are derived from a combination of first-order beliefs and logic. A zero-order belief is a foundational belief, such as knowing "I am a person different from you." A tertiary-order belief begins in childhood and is based on the presumptions children assume from their parents. A higher-order belief is arrived | higher order beliefs are derived from combination of first-order beliefs and logic; a zero-order belief is a foundational belief such as knowing "I am a person different from you."; a first-order belief can be developed into adulthood based on knowledge a person gathers, such as choosing a major based on gender stereotyping. |
| A nurse in an assisted living facility is training a group of nursing students about the older adult population. She explains that sometimes as people live together in a group after living only with family for their whole lives, conflicts can arise. Some people have a preformed opinion, usually an unfavorable one, about an entire group of people that is based on insufficient knowledge or irrational feelings. What term is the nurse referring to? Prejudice Stereotype Perception Observation | prejudice |
| A nurse is meeting with a family whose father is being admitted to the hospital for infection due to radiation for the treatment of stage IV lung cancer. The nurse uses the values clarification process. What application of the values clarification process is most likely to occur? End of life care Financial decisions Family involvement Living arrangements | end of life care |
| A nurse is helping a woman who is six months postoperative for a C-section, and experiencing belly pain and lumpiness below the skin. The nurse palpates the abdomen, and suspects that the lumpiness is due to postoperative adhesions of the peritoneal covering. The nurse offers a choice of using a hot compress on the knots, or else doing some self-massage. The patient opts for the hot compress. The nurse asks the patient what time of day she will use the hot compress. What is the best reason why the nurse pur | The nurse wanted to use the choosing, prizing, actions framework to involve the patient in her own treatment. |
| The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with diabetes who does not believe in taking medication for the condition. The patient refuses to take insulin even though the medication will help decrease the symptoms of diabetes in the patient. In order to promote wellness in this patient, what is the best action for the nurse to take? Actively involve the patient. Ask the supervisor for advice. Do what the nurse thinks is best for the patient. Confer with the physician to make the care plan together. | actively involve the patient |
| Which quality is most helpful in a nurse interacting with patients with different backgrounds? Values Self-awareness Beliefs Culture | self-awareness |
| The foundation or the basis of an individual’s belief system based on direct experience is what order of belief system? Zero-order First-order Higher-order Tertiary-order | First-order |
| A patient diagnosed with end-stage renal disease is undergoing dialysis. The nurse asks the patient about the patient's values and beliefs regarding end-of-life care and death. The patient's beliefs are a perception of what is: right; true; false; real; timely | right, true and real |
| comparing the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) definitions of nursing, what component does the ICN mention that is not included in ANA's definition and is indicative of a more global focus? a. Advocacy b. Health promotion c. Shaping health policy d. Prevention of illness | Shaping health policy |
| A profession has specific characteristics. In regard to how nursing meets these characteristics, which criteria are consistent and standardized processes? (Select all that apply.) a. Code of ethics b. Licensing c. Body of knowledge d. Educational preparation e. Altruism | a. Code of ethics b. Licensing c. Body of knowledge e. Altruism |
| What specific aspect of a profession does the development of theories provide? a. Altruism b. Body of knowledge c. Autonomy d. Accountability | Body of knowledge |
| Health care workers are discussing a diverse group of patients respectfully and are being responsive to the health beliefs and practices of these patients. What important aspect of nursing professional practice are they exhibiting? a. Autonomy b. Accountability c. Cultural competence d. Autocratic leadership | Cultural competence |
| A nurse makes a medication error, immediately assesses the patient, and reports the error to the nurse manager and the primary care provider. Which characteristic of a professional is the nurse demonstrating? a. Autonomy b. Collaboration c. Accountability d. Altruism | Accountability |
| Of the following, which are included in the ANA standards? (Select all that apply.) a. Standards for professional performance b. Code of ethics c. Standards of care d. Legal scope of practice e. Licensure requirements | Standards of professional performance Standards of care |
| Which core competency of advanced practice nursing is the Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) nurse educator exhibiting when counseling a student in therapeutic communication techniques? a. Leadership b. Ethical decision making c. Direct clinical practice d. Expert coaching | Expert coaching |
| Which of the following statements describes a component discussed in nursing theories? (Select all that apply.) a. Optimal functioning of the patient b. Interaction with components of the environment c. The conceptual makeup of the administration of the hospital d. The illness and health concept e. Safety aspect of medication administration | Optimal function of the patient Interaction with components of the environment The illness and health concept |
| Which factors affect the nursing shortage? (Select all that apply.) a. Aging faculty b. Increasing elderly population c. Job satisfaction due to adequate number of nurses d. Aging nursing workforce e. Greater autonomy for nurses | Aging nursing workforce Increasing elderly population Aging nursing workforce |
| A nurse has performed a physical examination of the patient and reviewed the laboratory results and diagnostics on the patient's chart. The nurse is performing which specific nursing function? a. Diagnosis b. Assessment c. Education d. Advocacy | Assessment |
| What is an example of Nightingale's contributions to nursing? a. Graduated as the first trained U.S. nurse b. Practiced nursing in the Civil War c. Established the Red Cross d. Emphasized respect for patients' needs and rights | Emphasized respect for the patient's needs and rights. |
| How might a nurse as a researcher approach the care of the patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Performing technical skills as learned b. Looking for problems and questioning practices c. Incorporating research she has read into her practice d. Carrying out procedures as they always have been done | B and C. By looking for problems and questioning practices, the nurse is identifying problems that can be researched. By incorporating any new research into practice, the nurse is involved in evidence-based practice. |
| Nurses are most likely to utilize which of the following theories or models in their leadership role? a. Maslow and Erikson b. Health Belief Model c. Lewin d. Von Bertalanffy | Lewin |
| What is a change agent in nursing? | A change agent is an individual who has formal or informal legitimate power and whose purpose is to direct and guide change |
| A team meeting of physicians and nurses is to discuss a specific pt's problems and to determine goals. During the meeting, specific accountability related to patient care for both the physicians and nurses involved is established. All members of the meeting show mutual respect by valuing each other's clinical competence that is necessary to provide quality patient care. which one is demonstrated in the above example? collaboration; advocacy; delegation; management | collaboration |
| A nurse has graduated from a nursing program and is participating in a new graduate program at a local hospital as a continuing socialization to the role of the nurse. At what level is the nurse functioning at this point in the nurse's career? a. Expert b. Competent c. Novice d. Advanced Beginner | advanced beginner |
| Nursing students all belong to National Student Nurses Association when they are attending a specific nursing program. This is an important aspect of their socialization to the profession as it demonstrates which criteria of a profession? a. Providing service to society b. Accepting responsibility for actions and omissions c. Participating in an organization that supports and advances the profession d. Making independent decisions based on their scope of practice | Participating in an organization that supports and advances the profession |
| What is the nurse's role as patient advocate? (Select all that apply.) a. Explain to the patient the nurse's viewpoint. b. Provide necessary education and interpret information. c. Accept the patient's decision and support his or her wishes. d. Give the patient the physician's explanation of his or her viewpoint. | b. Provide necessary education and interpret information. c. Accept the patient's decision and support his or her wishes. |
| A nurse is planning a program for educating a Hispanic community regarding nutritional practices. What would be the most important aspects that the nurse takes into consideration first? (Select all that apply.) a. Change theory and Health Belief Model b. Previous educational programs c. Cultural influences d. Hospital admissions from this community | Change theory and health belief model Cultural influences |
| Who is associated with the terms unfreezing, moving or change, and refreezing? | Lewin - Lewin's Change Theory |
| What are the 2 types of touch? | Healing touch (HT) and therapeutic touch (TT). |
| What is active listening? | a specific communication technique in which one fully concentrates on what the other is saying in a conscious effort to fully understand the other |
| What is compassion fatigue? | an extreme state of distress experienced as the progressive and cumulative result of exposure to stress in the therapeutic use of self in caring for others |
| What is compassion fatigue the result of? | nurse experiencing a feeling of being unable to meet the needs of patients arising from the inability to alleviate suffering |
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TamraArm
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