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PRESENT TENSES
Grammar I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hi, Mandy. Why aren´t you here? What are you doing? Are you coming to this party? | PP indicates an activity in progress at the very moment or around the time of speaking. The action began in the recent past, is continuing at present and will probably end at some point of time in the future. 3 charac. incomplet., tempor, emph |
| We are getting up earlier these days because we have to get to the office at nine. | PP refers to an action that is habitual or repeated, but for or over a limited period of time. They are temporary actions that are going on around now, but not necessarily at the actual mom. of sP. Adv. of timeare essential to denote this meaning. |
| He is always calling me at the oddest hours to ask some silly question | PP refers to an action that is repeated frequently (more often than expected). There’s usually (though not necessarily) annoyance, irritation, disapproval, on the part of the speaker. the progressive loses its semantic component of “temporariness”. |
| Summers are getting hotter and hotter | PP expresses changing situations or states developing into other states. The verb indicates “increase” or “decrease” in the activity. It is usually used with such comparative adverbials, adjectives or quantifiers as more and more. |
| We are moving into a new flat next week | The Present Progressive tense is used to indicate an activity which has been arranged for the near future. It is an action arranged beforehand. A future meaning for the Present Progressive has to be contextualized by adverbs or/and other time expression |
| Water freezes at 0º centigrade. (scientific statement) The Thames flows into the North Sea. (geographical statement) An apple a day keeps the doctor away. (proverbial statement) | SP expresses permanent actions, timeless actions or eternal truths. In this case, the verb is completely timeless; it predicates what is true for all time; the present is used without reference to any specific time. scien., math., geogr., prov., statement |
| An estate agent arranges the selling, renting or management of properties, and other buildings, in the United Kingdom and Ireland. (fact) | The Simple Present tense is also used to express situations which are considered to be permanent. In such cases, we can express simple facts, abilities and continuous states. |
| Sharon usually gets up at four o´clock | SP expresses habitual actions. the verb form indicates an established habit, a series of repeated events, not just a single one. The action is not necessarily happening at the moment of speaking. Adv. of freq. specify the frequency of the repetition. |
| Ronnie passes to Jim, he shoots, he scores! We add the eggs to the flour and then we bit everything together for five minutes Delegates from all parts of Malaysia arrive at the Congress venue. | The Simple Present Tense is also used to indicate actual present or instantaneous present. The verb refers to a single action begun and completed approximately at the moment of speech. a) In reports or commentaries b) In demonstrations and other self- |
| My birthday is tomorrow Classes begin next week | The Simple Present tense is used to express future time reference: a) It is used to refer to a future action that is considered as very certain to happen. It is usually called future as a fact, as the possibility of changing this action is out of the q |
| You will have to show your passport when you reach the barrier. | The Simple Present tense is used to express future time reference. The Simple Present Tense is often used to refer to the future in subordinate clauses when the verb in the main clause is in the future tense or in the imperative. |
| Yesterday she said she hated him and today she says she loves him. | The Simple Present Tense is used to show contrast between a past activity and a present one; neither activity needs to be habitual. |
| At that moment in comes a messenger from the Head office, telling me the boss wants to see me in a hurry. | Historic present It describes the past as if is happening now; it conveys something of the dramatic immediacy of an eye -witness account. a) Conversational and Narrative Historical present: The Simple Present t ense can express an event that happened i |
| John informs me that you are getting your degree next month. | Historic present It describes the past as if is happening now; it conveys something of the dramatic immediacy of an eye -witness account. A different kind of historical present is found with “verbs of communication”.The use of the present tense serves |
| ROBOT SUBMIRINE GOES MISSING IN NORTH SEA | Historic present.c) Newspaper headlines reporting recent events often use the Simple Present tense. The present tense is widely used for dynamic situations in the recent past. This might be regarded as a metaphorical extension of the use of the present |
| Jane has lived in Scotland since 1980. | The Present Perfect Tense relates the past and the present. It is used to refer to an activity or state which begins in the past and continues up to the moment of speaking. The activity has not finished yet. The time of the action is past and present. Th |
| Jane has usually had lunch at the hospital so far. | The Present Perfect Tense relates the past and the present. A habit or repeated event - usually showed by adverbs of frequency - in a period of time leading up to the present. |
| I’ve finished my work; now I can sit and rest. | PP expresses an action that began and finished in the past (before the moment of speaking). The time is not specified at all. This is so because the time when the action took place is not important. We are interested in the results of the action |
| I have just had lunch. I have recently had lunch. Have you been to the cinema lately? | pp indicates an activity completed in the immediate, recent - but also indefinite - past time. The action took place a short time ago. The adverbials just, lately and recently emphasize recency. |
| Have you ever been to America? | pp refers to an action that happened (or never happened) before now, at an indefinite, unspecified time in the past. The exact time when the action happened is not important. Ever: at any time up to now; at any time between |
| I have never phoned my father | pp refers to an action that happened (or never happened) before now, at an indefinite, unspecified time in the past. The exact time when the action happened is not important. Never: at no time up to now |
| Have you had breakfast already? Have you already had breakfast? | PP refers to an action that happened (or never happened) before now, at an indefinite, unspecified time in the past. The exact time when the action happened is not important. We can use “already” in questions to express o |
| I have already had breakfast. They have already gone home. | pp refers to an action that happened (or never happened) before now, at an indefinite, unspecified time in the past. We use “already” in affirmative sentences to emphasize the fact that an action has happened before the present moment in time. |
| I haven’t had lunch yet. She hasn’t yet done her homework. She hasn’t done her homework yet. | pp refers to an action that happened (or never happened) before now, at an indefinite, unspecified time in the past. Yet: up until now; by a particular time; not in a period of time between before now and now. |
| Have you received a telegram yet? | pp refers to an action that happened (or never happened) before now, at an indefinite, unspecified time in the past. Yet: We use “yet” in questions to ask if an action or event has happened before the present moment in time |
| The value of this house has doubled over the past two years. | pp denote an action or state that was completed during a present incomplete period of time; the period of time is not over at the moment of speaking. We generally use adverbs or adverbial phrases such as today |
| I’ve read a hundred pages of this book. | pp when we describe or talk about a specific number of times we have completed or done sth in the past; the exact time when the action took place is not mentioned. |
| I reckon Gloria has been held up in traffic. | We use the Present Perfect with other present tenses: (i) with report / comment verbs or phrases |
| This is the third time he has been late. | with the phrases This is / It´s / That´s the (first/second/etc.) time ... |
| Please, don´t leave until everybody has finished eating. | The Present Perfect Tense can also convey future time reference, especially in adverbial clauses of time or condition when the verb in the main clause is in the future or imperative form. |
| He has been studying French for two years. | pp indicates an activity which started in the past and is still in progress at the time of speaking. The action may or may not go on into the future. It puts emphasis on the duration of the action and thus on the imperfective meaning. |
| He has been visiting mother on Mondays this month. | The Present Perfect Progressive Tense is used to indicate a (temporary) habit which started in the past and has continued up to the present. |
| It has been raining all morning | The Present Perfect Progressive Tense is used to express a complete action that has been in progress during a present incomplete period of time. |
| You´ve been fighting again; you´ve got a black eye. | If the verb is not accompanied by an adverbial of duration, the implication is often that the effects of the happening are still visible, that is to say, the action has effects which are still apparent. The action started in the past and lasted for som |
| What have you been doing all day? | pp expresses anger, annoyance, irritation, or to demand an explanation, especially in questions with “what” and “who”. |
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MiriV24
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