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Stack #362116
WGU TBA4 Statistics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| discrete | result when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a countable number |
| continuous | result from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps |
| parameter | a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population |
| statistic | a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample |
| nominal | categories only; data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme |
| ordinal | categories are ordered, but differences cannot be found or are meaningless |
| interval | differences are meaningful, but there is no natural zero starting point and ratios are meaningless |
| ratio | there is a natural zero starting point and ratios are meaningful |
| voluntary response sample | one in which the respondents themselves decide whether to be included |
| observational study | observe and measure specific characteristics, but don't attempt to modify the subjects being studied |
| experiment | apply some treatment and then proceed to observe its effects on the subjects |
| cross-sectional study | data are observed, measured, and collected at one point in time |
| retrospective study | data are collected from the past by going back in time |
| prospective study | data are collected in the future from groups sharing common factors |
| random sample | members from the population are selected in such a way that each individual member has an equal chance of being selected |
| simple random sample | n subjects is selected in such a way that every possible sample of the same size n has the same chance of being chosen |
| probability sample | selecting members from a population in such a way that each member has a known chance of being selected |
| systematic sampling | select some starting point and then select every kth element in the population |
| convenience sampling | simply use the results that are very easy to get |
| stratified sampling | subdivide the population into at least two different subgroups so that subjects within the same subgroup share the same characteristics, then we draw a sample from each subgroup |
| cluster sampling | first divide the population area into sections, then randomly select some of those clusters, and then chose all the members from those selected clusters |
| simulation | a process that behaves the same way as the procedure, so that similar results are produced |
| conditional probability | a probability obtained with the additional information that some other event has already occurred |
| event | any collection of results or outcomes of a procedure |
| simple event | an outcome or event that cannot be further broken down into simpler components |
| sample space | consists of all possible simple events |
| complement | consists of all outcomes in which event does not occur |
| random variable | a variable that has a single numerical value, determined by chance, for each outcome of a procedure |
| probability distribution | a description that gives the probability for each value of the random variable, often expressed in the format of a graph, table, or formula |
| discrete random variable | either a finite naumber of values or a countable number of values, where "countable" refers to the fact that there might be infinitely many values, but they can be associated with a counting process |
| continuous random variable | infinitely many values, and those values can be associated with measurements on a continuous scale without gaps or interruptions |
Created by:
jabbott
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