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Cunningham Tech III
NYCC Tech III written exam
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what is the foundation of NYCC's technique assessment? | P.A.R.T.S. |
which is true when performing an active ROM assessment? | check for: QUALITY - QUANTITY - SYMMETRY - PAIN PROVOCATION (QQSP |
What assessment is useless when looking from a P-A view? | forward head carriage |
Static concept of chiropractic principle is described by DD Palmer as bone out of place? | true (DD static bone out of place) |
NYCC model of chiropractic principle is | DYNAMIC |
What are the 2 components to chiropractic application? | Analysis + Treatment |
Joint play is done in what position? | seated |
the ENDPOINT of passive motion is | end feel |
Accessory Joint movements are | INVOLUNTARY accessory to the crime, earrings you forgot to take off, a good looking man or woman on your arm...these are accessories that are practically involuntary |
Accessory joint movement in NEUTRAL positon is evaluated by | Joint PLAY (you play with your accessories, don't you? He would get bored if you didn't pay attention once in awhile - you should, however, remain Neutral). |
Joint cavitation | false - definitive indicator? |
ConCAVE on Convex: | Roll and Glide in the SAME direction (more joint travel) |
ConVEX on concave: | Roll and Glide in OPPOSITE direction (less joint travel) VEX/OPPOSITE/LESS |
VEX/OPPOSITE/LESS means | conVEX on concave: roll and glide in OPPOSITE directions so LESS joint travel |
what is kinematics | the study of joints WITHOUT CONSIDERING FORCES (ie, joint angles, joint diplacement, joint velocities, joint accelerations) |
Arthrokinematic refers to | a motion that occurs between joint surfaces, ie, glide or spin |
5th MCP/laminar push adjusment is best for | flexion/restriction |
performing seated endfeel palpation for RIGHT rotation in T8/T9 motion, you apply the vector to? | Right side of T8 spinous process |
What are the 3 categories of motion classifications? | MOTION(orthogonal), Static, Gonstead |
flexion restriction ("O" will be used instead of theta, since no way to represent theta on studystack) | +OX restriction (orthogonal), extension misalignment (static) |
extension restriction | -OX restriction (motion/orthogonal), flexion misalignment (static) |
right lateral flexion restriction | +OZ restriction (motion/orthogonal), left lateral flexion misalignment (static) |
Left lateral flexion restriction | -OZ right lateral flexion misalignment (motion/orthogonal), right lateral flexion misalignment (static) |
right rotation restriction | -OY restriction (motion/orthogonal), left rotation misalignment (static) |
left rotation restriction | +OY restriction (motion/orthogonal), right rotation misalignment (static) |
Gonstead for Right rotation restriction/-OY restriction/left rotation misalignment? | PR |
Gonstead for Left rotation restriction/+OY restriction/right rotation misalignment | PL |
P-A Glide restriction | +Z translation restriction/retrolisthesis |
A-P glide restriction | -Z translation restriction/anterolisthesis |
Right to Left Glide restriction | +X translation restriction/Right laterolisthesis |
I-S glide restriction/distraction | +Y translation restriction/decreased disc space |
S-I glide restriction/compression | -Y translation restriction/ compression of disc space |
monopausal theory | one cause, one cure |
static model | bone out of place (DD Palmer) |
2 parts of chiropractic technique | analysis (evaluation) + adjustment (treatment) |
motion segment | a functional unit made up of two adjacent articulating surfaces and the connecting tissues binding them to each other |
spinal motion segment | two adjacent vertebrae, and the connecting tissues binding them to each other |
subluxation | a motion segment in which alignment, movement integrity, and physiological function are altered, although contact between joint surfaces remains intact |
manipulable subluxation | a subluxation in which altered alignment, movement and function can be improved by MANUAL THRUST PROCEDURES |
subluxation complex | a theoretical model of motion segment dysfunction (subluxation) which incorporates the complex interaction of pathological changes in nerve, muscle, ligamentous, vasculature and connective tissue |
the lesion treated by chiropractors | subluxation |
4 treatment procedures utilized by chiros | Mt.MMA:-manual therapy--mobilization-manipulation--adjustment- |
on the motion spectrum, two bones fused can be referred to as | total restriction |
difference between increasing motion and decreasing motion | increasing: hypermobility decreasing: restrictions needing adjustment |
when evaluating the patient, 5 things: | 1-history, 2-observation, 3-physical exam, 4-neuro evaluation, 5-chiropractic evaluation |
3 questions about pain history: | Location, Quality, Intensity on a scale |
active vs. passive vs. resisted ROM's | active-patient performs motion, passive-doc induces motion, resisted-pt performs but doc adds resistance |
the amt and direction of joint or region movement can be called | Osteokinematic motion (amount and direction) |
assessing what with active ROM: | quantity, quality, symmetry, pain provocation |
cervical active ROM (AROM's) are: | Flexion 60, Extension 70, Lateral Flexion 45, Rotation 90 |
60.70.45.90 | 60 flexion.70 extension.45 lateral flexion.90 rotation |
a subluxation can also be called a | joint dysfunction |
goal of chiropractic evaluation | determine the chief complaint and if any joint dysfunction/subluxuation needs treatment |
evaluation chiro ideas | open mind, scan first |
components for physical scanning evaluation for joint dys/subluxation are: | posture and gait, ROM, motion scan, pain scan |
posture and gait is evaluated by | activities of the musculoskeletal system |
difference between pain and tenderness | pain: present even when not touching patient |
is pain specific to one joint? | no |
what's used to isolate, id and define the specific joint dysfunction and specific tissues involved? | PARTS |
PARTS stands for | Pain, Asymmetry, Range of motion, Tone & texture, Special tests |
motion palpation is a skill depends not only on psychomotor training but also understanding functions of | anatomy, biomechanics, path mechanics of spine, pelvis and extremities |
authors of text we use | Bergmann and Peterson |
Accessory joint movements are _________, and they represent the _______necessary for normal function | involuntary joint play, give |
an adjustment occurs in | Paraphysiological space |
annular fiber disruption with nuclear migration into the tear is known as what type of block | intradiscal block |
joint manipulation is done to increase | hypo-mobility (low mobility) |
joint manipulation is done in what direction | direction of primary joint restriction |
a restriction is a component of subluxation, not the subluxation itself? | true |
not every restriction needs adjusting? | true |
a restriction may or may not cause a malpostion? | true |
static model of subluxation based on what concept | bone out of place |
dynamic model of subluxation based on | mobility of a MOTION SEGMENT |
flexion restriction is also known as | extension malpostion |
what coordinate system do we use | Cartesian |
characteristics of cartesian system | 3D system/3 axes (XYZ) all at 90 degrees to one another/describes a point in space describes rotation and translation movements of an object |
moving forward and backward (glide) alone in the X-axis | translation |
rotating alone on an axis | rotation |
flexion restriction (remember we are using "O" for theta symbol - it is not used when marking translation movements) | +OX restriction or extension misalignment |
left lateral flexion restriction | -OZ restriction or right lateral flexion misalignment |
right rotation misalignment | left rotation restriction, +OY restriction, PL |
right lateral listhesis | +X translation restriction, R-L glide restriction |
extension misalignment | flexion restriction, +OX restriction |
A-P glide restriction | -Z translation restriction, anterolisthesis (stuck anteriorly) "A" for anteriorlisthesis, A to P, and stuck anteriorly |
where does cavitation occur? | paraphysiological space |
right lateral flexion restriction | +OZ restriction, left lateral flexion misalignment |
which term refers to the study of movement without consideration of forces? | KINEMatics |
which term describes the type of motion between joint surfaces | arthrokinematic motion |
what happens when you have pure glide | impingement |
pure roll? | dislocation (ie, glenohumeral) |
kinetics is the study of | static and dynamic forces |
a mechanical disturbance or load is known as | force |
Force= | magnitude and direction |
force may ______an object | deform or change its state of motion |
6 common forces on the body are: | TEnsile(stretching), compression, bending, shear, torsion (twist), combined loading |
stress is | amt of load per crossectional area (y axis) from above |
strain is | change of shape (x axis) from sides |
stress is measured as | N/m2, or megapixels |
with little deformation before it fails, this type of material can be peiced back together to its original form | brittle |
this type of material cannot be glued back together once it breaks, but it has a lot of deformation capacity before then | ductile (think duct tape) |
most common lever in body | 3rd class |
joints are named by | function |
3 types of joints | synarthroses (no movement), amphiarthroses (some movement), diarthroses (moveable -TRUE SYNOVIAL JOINT) |
which type of joint is a true synovial joint | diarthroses |
4 types of non-moveable synarthroses | sutures/cranial, synchondrosis/epiphysis, schindylesis/bone in cleft, gomphosis/tooth |
2 types of amphiarthroses | symphysis/pubis & vertebral bodies, syndesmoses/bones attached by fibrous tissue (tibio-fibular joint) |
2 bones that end with cartilage, are connected by ligaments, and lined with synovial membrane are | diarthrosis |
4 types of diarthrotic joints | 1-uniaxial/ginglymus/hinge joint (ulnohumeral and trochoid/pivot (atlantoaxial), 2-Biaxial/ellipsoid/oval head in socket (MCPS) and sellar/saddle (thumb), 3-Multiaxial/spheroidal/ball and socket (hip), 4-PLANAR JOINTs=glide along axis=spinal facet/zygopop |
what is the only type of diarthrotic joint for this class | zygapophyseal/Planar/facet of spine |
types of bone | cortical and traebecular |
bone can ______ itself with bone! | repair |
what is most brittle: glass, bone, metal | glass |
adult cortical bone can withstand _______ compression and ______ tension. | 190Mpa compression, 130Mpa tension |
adult orbicular bone can withstand how much compression | 50Mpa (traebecular is spongy) |
3 types of cartilage | elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline |
elastic cartilage found in | external ear, epiglottis, larynx (EELs are elastic) |
where is fibrocartilage found | edges of joint spaces like Menisci and annulus fibrosis of ivd |
hyaline cartilage is found | in diarthrodal (synovial) joints |
ligaments and joint capsule connect what | bone to bone |
tendons attach | muscle to bone |
what is most abundant tissue in body | skeletal muscle |
concentric contraction | muscle shortened, contracts |
eccentric contraction | muscle lengthened but contracts anyway |
ISOmetric | muscle stays same length (iso=same) |
kinetic muscle contraction | movement of joint in constant motion |
4 factors contributing to muscle force | cross sectional area, heat, fatigue, fiber type |
how many fiber types | I,IIA,IIB |
type one I | slow twitch, slow fatigue, red (dark meat) chewy |
type two IIA | fast twitch, intermediate fatigue, red muscle (less chewy) |
type three IIB | I'll have the IIB, please! white meat, fast twitch, tires easily |
what allows limited motion and actually restricts excessive motion? | IVDs |
hysteresis reversible? | no |
creep defined where | in ELASTIC curve, reversible! |
cavitation effects | increased ROM, joint space, 20 mn refractory period |
cavitation represents 3 physical events: | joint separation, stretching issues, stimulating joint receptors |
what type of joints behave as though in refractory period? | hypermobile |