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Fingerprint Analysis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fingerprints are categorized into these three evidence types (assuming no skin cells are found) | circumstantial, physical, individual |
| Do identical twins have the same fingerpints? | No (prints aren't genetic) |
| What substances make up fingerprints? | oils, water, salts, dirt |
| What are fingerprints formed? | in 10th week of gestation |
| In what layer of skin are fingerprints formed? | basal layer (below the epidermis) |
| Why would a scar occur in a fingerprint? | If finger is damaged below the basal layer (into the dermis or lower) |
| Describe an arch fingerprint | Ridges enter one side of the print and exit the other |
| How common are arch fingerprints? | 5% of all prints |
| Describe a whorl fingerprint | Looks like a bullseye or swirl |
| How common are whorl fingerprints? | 30% of all prints |
| Describe a loop fingerprint | Ridges enter one side of the print and exit the same side |
| How common are loop fingerprints? | 65 % of all prints |
| What do you call the center of whorls and loops? | the core |
| What is it called when three ridges come together like a triangle? | a delta |
| Describe the difference between plain and central pocket whorls | Plain have a larger bullseye region and when a line is drawn between the deltas, it overlaps the bullseye region; central pocket have smaller bullseye region higher up & when a line is drawn between the deltas it doesn't overlap the bullseye regiomn |
| Describe a double loop whorl | Looks like two loops spiraling into each other; there will be two cores instead of one |
| Describe the difference between plain and tented arches | Tented arches have delta in the middle, while plain do not |
| Describe the difference between ulnar and radial loops | Ulnar loops enter/exit from the little finger side of the hand; radial loops enter/exit from the thumb side of the hand |
| What is an accidental whorl? | Any fingerprint pattern that doesn't fit another differentiation (subtype). Always has at least 2 deltas |
| What do we call the points along fingerprint ridges where the ridge structure changes? | Minutiae (or ridge characteristics) |
| What is it called when minutiae on two different prints match? | points of similarity (or points of identification) |
| What is the international standard for number of minutiae points needed to officially state a fingerprint match? | There is none; US usually needs about 8 to 12 |
| What is the computerized system capable of reading, classifying, matching, and storing fingerprints for criminal justice agencies? | IAFIS (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System) |
| Which minutiae point looks like a ridge that has split into two? | a fork (or bifurcation) |
| Which minutiae point looks like a small ridge sticking off of a longer one? | A hook |
| Which minutiae point looks like a ridge that has split into two and then come back together, forming a "pocket"? | An eye |
| Which minutiae point looks like a ridge that has split into two and then come back together, forming a "pocket", and the pocket contains another tiny ridge? | An enclosure |
| What is a specialty minutiae point? | Any ridge characteristic that doesn't fit another category |
| What are patent fingerprints? | visible prints, left in blood, paint, ink, etc |
| What are plastic fingerprints? | actual indentations left in clay, putty, wax, etc |
| What are latent fingerprints? | prints not visible to the naked eye |
| How do fingerprint powders reveal a fingerprint? | The powders stick to the oils in the print |
| Which fingerprint collection method creates a purplish-blue print after a chemical reacts with the amino acids in the print? | Ninhydrin |
| Which fingerprint collection method creates a white print after the object is placed in a vapor tent with a certain chemical? | Superglue (cyanoacrylate) fuming |
| Which fingerprint collection method creates a dark print under UV light when the chemical reacts with the salt in the print? | Silver nitrate |
| Which fingerprint collection method creates a brown print after the object reacts with a certain chemical gas? | Iodine fuming |
| Which fingerprint collection methods can be used on non-porous surfaces (hard surfaces that don't absorb the oils of the print)? | dusting with powders, superglue fuming |
| Which fingerprint collection methods can be used on porous surfaces (surfaces that would absorb the oils of the print)? | ninhydrin, iodine fuming, silver nitrate |
Created by:
Tdavenport
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