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Ch 16 Sun Part 1
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Star | glowing ball of gas held together by its own gravity and powered by nuclear fusion in its core |
| Differential Rotation | tendency of a gaseous sphere to rotate at different rates depending on its latitude |
| Photosphere | visible "surface" of the Sun (sphere of light) |
| Sunspot | dark region on the Sun's surface that is a lower temperature than its surroundings |
| Corona | tenuous outer atmosphere of the Sun (crown), which becomes the solar wind further out |
| Core | central region of an object like a star or planet |
| Nuclear Fusion | energy generation in the core of a star where lighter nuclei fuse into heavier ones, requiring at least 10,000,000 K |
| Radiation Zone | region of the Sun's interior where extremely high temperatures completely ionize the gas |
| Convection Zone | region of the Sun's interior where material is in constant convective motion |
| Chromosphere | Sun's lower atmosphere (sphere of color), lying just above the visible photosphere |
| Transition Zone | region of rapid temperature increase separating the Sun's chromosphere and corona |
| Solar Wind | outward flow of fast-moving charged particles from the Sun |
| Solar Atmosphere | layers of the Sun above the photosphere |
| Luminosity | total energy radiated by a star each second, at all wavelengths |
| Energy | must be transferred in order to do work on, or to heat, an object |
| Solar Constant | amount of solar energy reaching Earth's atmosphere per unit area per unit time |
| Radiation | light waves that transfer energy in the form of electric and magnetic fields (waves) |
| Power | amount of energy transferred or converted per unit of time |
| Standard Solar Model | widely accepted picture of the Sun's interior from computer programs and data |
| Hydrostatic Equilibrium | when gravity's inward pull is balanced with internal forces from outward pressure |
| Helioseismology | study of conditions in the Sun's interior through analysis of internal "sound" waves |
| Gravity | attractive field force between objects with mass |
| Outward Pressure | hot gas pushing out from the core |
| Doppler Shift | change in the frequency of a wave due to the Doppler Effect |
| Spectral Line | where light in a narrow frequency has either been removed or added from a spectrum |
| Solar Oscillations | complex vibrations that help provide vital information about the solar interior |
| Convective Cells | rising (hot) and falling (cool) material just below the photosphere |
| Granulation | mottled appearance of the solar surface, caused by convective cells |
| Absorption Spectrum | pattern of dark spectral lines where light has been removed by a "cooler" gas |
Created by:
john_bailey720
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