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HEENT 2
Generic | Brand | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Essential knowledge |
---|---|---|---|---|
pseudoephedrine (PO) * | Sudafed | Alpha (α1) agonist | Nasal congestion | Key side effects: increased blood pressure, tachycardia, insomnia, restlessness Other notes: Sold behind the counter |
fluticasone (intranasal) * | Flonase | Corticosteroid | Allergic rhinitis | Key side effects: nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache |
triamcinolone (intranasal) * | Nasacort | Corticosteroid | Allergic rhinitis | Key side effects: nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache |
azelastine (intranasal) * | Astepro | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key side effects: headache, nasal dryness, epistaxis, bitter taste |
diphenhydramine (PO *, IV) | Benadryl | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis, allergic reaction, insomnia | Key side effects: drowsiness, constipation, xerostomia, urinary retention |
hydroxyzine (PO, IV) | Atarax, Vistaril | Histamine (H1) blocker | Pruritis, nausea, anxiety | Key side effects: dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, QTc prolongation |
cetirizine (PO) * | Zyrtec | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
loratadine (PO) * | Claritin | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
fexofenadine (PO) * | Allegra | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | Key side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
olopatadine (ophthalmic) * | Pataday, Patanol | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic conjunctivitis | Key side effects: ocular burning, discomfort, dryness |
promethazine and codeine (PO) | Phenergan with Codeine | Histamine (H1) blocker and opioid analgesic | Cough, cold | Key Side Effects: dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warning: concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants (including alcohol), may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death Other Notes: opioid-containing cough and cold products no longer indicated for use in patients <18 years of age |
codeine and guaifenesin (PO) | Robitussin AC, Cheratussin AC | Opioid analgesic and expectorant | Cough, cold | Key side effects: dizziness, somnolence, constipation, respiratory depression (dose related) Other notes: opioid-containing cough and cold products no longer indicated for use in patients <18 years of age |
dextromethorphan (PO) * | Delsym | Antitussive | Cough | Key side effects: nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation |
benzonatate (PO) | Tessalon Perles | Antitussive | Cough | Key side effects: sedation, nasal congestion, chills, chest numbness, bronchospasm Other notes: do not break capsule because it may cause choking |