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Unit 1- Cells Part 1
23-24 Unit 1- Cells Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotic | An organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria. |
| Eukaryotic | A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi, plants and animals). |
| Nucleus | A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| Organelles | A tiny cell structures that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| Unicellular | A single celled organism |
| Multicellular | An organism made up of more than one cell |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Reproduction | The process of producing offspring |
| Sexual Reproduction | A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents |
| Asexual Reproduction | A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also classified as a consumer |
| Photosynthesis | Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| Eubacteria | A kingdom of prokaryotic organisms that contains mostly free-living and common bacteria; classified under Domain Bacteria, whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan |
| Achaeabacteria | Microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. They are now believed to constitute an ancient intermediate group between the bacteria and eukaryotes |
| Protista | A kingdom of a variety of eukaryotic unicellular, colonial, and multicellular organisms, such as amoeba, euglena, paramecium, protozoans, algae, etc.; classified under Domain Eukarya |
| Fungi | a kingdom a of unicellular and multicellular, eukaryotic organisms, such as mushrooms and molds, that have a cell wall containing chitin; classified under Domain Eukarya |
| Plantae | Complex, multi-cellular organisms that use photosynthesis to make food. |
| Animalia | A kingdom a of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are free-moving, and lack cell walls; classified under Domain Eukarya |
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| Function | the job a cell performs, determined by its structure |
| Cell Theory | The theory that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Robert Hooke | First to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells. |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Father of microbiology who made the first simple microscope |
| Matthias Schleiden | Concluded that all plants are made up of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | concluded that all animals are made of cells |
| Rudolph Virchow | doctor who discovered that all cells come from pre-existing living cells |
| Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| Metabolism | The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials |
| Structure | the shape a cell/organelle has |
| Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| Cell Membrane | Thin and flexible semipermeable membrane around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Mitochondrion | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| Vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrate |
| Lysosome | cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
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PGM 7 SCI
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