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Unit 1- Cells
23-24 Unit 1- Cells Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotic | An organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria. |
| Eukaryotic | A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi, plants and animals). |
| Organelles | A tiny cell structures that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Reproduction | The process of producing offspring |
| Sexual Reproduction | A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents |
| Asexual Reproduction | A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also classified as a consumer |
| Photosynthesis | Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| Function | the job a cell performs, determined by its structure |
| Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| Metabolism | The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials |
| Structure | the shape a cell/organelle has |
| Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| Cell Membrane | Thin and flexible semipermeable membrane around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Mitochondrion | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| Vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrate |
| Lysosome | cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| osmosis | the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially permeable membrane. |
| diffusion | the passive movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Active transport | the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy. |
| passive transport | a naturally-occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to exert any of its energy to accomplish the movement. |
| selective permeability | ability to differentiate between different types of molecules, only allowing some molecules through while blocking others. |
| carbohydrate | an organic compound such as sugar or starch, and is used to store energy. |
| lipid | fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body. |
| Amino acids | small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins. |
| Enzyme | proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies. |
| mitosis | a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth |
| meitosis | process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information |
| Nucleus | The part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for cell growth and reproduction |
| Reactants | Input; the items that go into a chemical reaction. |
| Products | Output; the items that come out of a chemical reaction. |
| chlorophyll | Natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color. It helps plants to absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of photosynthesis |
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PGM 7 SCI
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