Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Acids & derivatives

AQA A-level chemistry carboxylic acids and derivatives year 13

QuestionAnswer
3 ways of hydrolysing esters Water Dilute acid Dilute alkali
Hydrolysis of esters advantages and disadvantages: pure water Advantages - a more controlled reaction, higher purity of products, separation is easier, side products are avoided, experiment is standardised Disadvantages - reaction rate is slow, requires high energy, reversible, lower yield of products
Hydrolysis of esters advantages and disadvantages: dilute acid Advantages - less harsh for the environment, faster than just water, mild reaction conditions Disadvantages - reaction is reversible, less safe, hard to control, undesired products
Hydrolysis of esters advantages and disadvantages: dilute alkali Advantages - mild reaction conditions, fewer safety concerns, less harsh for the environment, directional reaction, forms salts, controlled reaction Disadvantages - incomplete conversion, unwanted products, difficult to isolate
How to remove metal ions from carboxylate salts By mixing a concentrated mineral acid which will flood it with protons which will strip away the metal ions
What is the mechanism behind the hydrolysation of an ester The partially negative oxygen of the water molecule acts as a nucleophile and can attack the partially positive carbonyl carbon. Hydrogen or hydroxide ions can speed up this reaction
How to form an acyl chloride (formula + reagents) React a carboxylic acid with phosphorus pentachloride: RCOOH + PCl5 - RCOCl3 + HCl
Acyl chloride partial charges There are partial negative charges on both the chlorine and the oxygen which makes the partially positive carbon even more positive compared to other compounds
A-level mechanism with acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides Nucleophilic addition-elimination
Reaction with acyl chloride: water RCOCl + H2O - RCOOH + HCl
Reaction with acyl chloride: alcohols RCOCl + RCH2OH - R1OOCH2R2 + HCl
Reaction with acyl chloride: ammonia RCOCl + NH3 - RCONH3 + HCl
Reaction with acyl chloride: primary amines RCOCl + RNH2 - RCONH2R’ + HCl
How to form an acid anhydride (formula + reagents) 2 carboxylic acids and phosphorus pentoxide: 2RCOOH + P4O10 - R(CO)O(CO)R
2 products made with hydrolysed fatty acids Soap and biodiesel
Created by: Study_B
Popular Chemistry sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards