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HSC Bio Module 7:
Infectious Disease
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biological vector | an organism that transmits the causative agent or disease-causing organism from the reservoir to the host. |
| pathogen | an organism causing disease or sickness to its host. e.g. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that invade the body and can cause health issues |
| innate immune response | body's first line of defence against pathogens. It is general and non-specific, which means it does not differentiate between types of pathogens. |
| adaptive immune response | a type of immunity that is built up as we are exposed to diseases or get vaccinated. |
| antiseptic | chemicals that people apply to the skin. They can reduce the number of microorganisms living on the skin, in wounds, and in mucous membranes. |
| capsid | the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material |
| epidemic | a sudden disease outbreak that affects a large number of people in a particular region, community, or population |
| pandemic | an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals. |
| passive immunity | A type of immunity that occurs when a person is given antibodies rather than making them through his or her own immune system |
| Germ theory | Infectious diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific pathogens within the body. |
| endemic | the usual number of people affected by a particular disease within a population in a given area, which remains constant. |
| protozoans | Unicellular (single-celled) organisms that can sometimes cause diseases. |
| prion | A type of protein that can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally. |
| direct contact transmission | When disease-causing microorganisms pass from the infected person to the healthy person via direct physical contact with blood or body fluids. E.g contact with body lesions, kissing, intercourse, etc. |
| indirect contact transmission | Occurs when there is no direct human-to-human contact. Contact occurs from a reservoir to contaminated surfaces or objects, or to vectors. E.g cooking utensils, bedding, mosquitoes, ticks, etc. |
| What are the 6 types of pathogens? | Prions, bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, macroparasites. |
| features of viruses: | non-cellular, contains RNA, have a protective protein coat, requires a living host cell to replicate, they reproduce by inserting their DNA into a host cell, less than 500nm |
| 2 examples of a disease caused by viruses: | Influenza & measles |
| 2 examples of a disease caused by bacteria: | bubonic plague & whooping cough |
| 2 examples of a disease caused by prions: | Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) & Scrapie in sheep |
| 2 examples of a disease caused by fungi: | Tinea/ringworm & Panama (TR4) disease in bananas |
| 2 examples of a disease caused by protozoans: | Malaria & Giardia |
| features of bacteria: | unicellular prokaryotes which reproduce by binary fission. They secrete toxins, invade cells and form colonies which disrupt cell function. |
| features of fungi: | are eukaryotic and heterotrophic and can be either multi or unicellular. They contain mitochondria and usually reproduce by fragmentation, budding or spores. range in size: um to mm |
| features of protozoans: | unicellular and eukaryotic which can be heterotrophs or autotrophs. |
| features of macroparasites: | are eukaryotic and multicellular and reproduce sexually with eggs and larvae |
| zoonotic disease | an infectious disease that is transmitted between species from animals to humans |
Created by:
Rosie--
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