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Miranda T
Sci 220 Anatomy Week 1-5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the _____ cavities | abdominal and pelvic |
| The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region | anterior |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | axial and appendicular. |
| The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _____ plane. | coronal |
| Physiology is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism | function |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism | structure |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): | tissue. |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: | sagittal. |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | organelles. |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane. | transverse |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be | polar. |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? | decomposition reaction |
| A molecule that is polar: | can form a hydrogen bond and has an unequal charge. |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? | hydrolysis |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? | 96% |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? | metabolism |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: | eight protons. |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n) | isotope |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) | element. |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | covalent |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more _____. | down; acidic |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | carbon. |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction. |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | octet rule. |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? | centrosome |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged | as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads. |
| Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other? | gap junction |
| A spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the “command center” of the cell is the | nucleus. |
| Often referred to as the “power plant” of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production? | mitochondrion |
| Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases. | lysosome |
| How do vesicles move from place to place in an organized way within the cell? | Molecular motors pull them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum. |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | fibrocartilage |
| Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the | lanugo. |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | matrix. |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| Which of the following tissues lack a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | cartilage |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | synovial |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | collagen |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | patella. |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum. |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? | femur |
| _____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage. | Collagenous |
| Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. | connective |
| If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | female. |
| Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones | thumb |
| Where are the smallest bones in the body located? | Ears |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | myeloid tissue. |
| The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the | diaphysis |
| Fibrocartilage can be found in the | symphysis pubis. |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified |
| The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are | axial and appendicular |
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mirandat90
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