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Set #1
Human Anatomy weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| superficial | structures are closer to the body surface. skin is superficial to underlying structures |
| deep structures | away from the body surface The bone of the thigh is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscles |
| proximal | toward to the point of attachment to the trunk (torso) |
| distal | away from the point of attachment to the trunk (torso) |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| anterior | anatomical position as seen from the front |
| cephalic region | head |
| cervical region | neck |
| trunk | chest, abdomen, and pelvis |
| upper and lower extremities | arms and legs |
| the diaphragm divides the anterior cavity into ________________ and __________________ | thoracic and abdominopelvic |
| negative feedback loop | where the response from the effector opposes or negates the original stimulus. most common mechanism to prevent the values or levels from going outside normal range. examples: blood sugar regulation, temperature regulation |
| positive feedback loop | where the response enhances or increases the stimulus. very fun functions are regulated by this. examples: blood cutting, childbirth, release of breast milk |
| homeostasis | this is what maintains our internal body temperature, PH, blood pressure, ions. This is all the chemical changes that go inside your body |
| the two membranes surrounding the lungs are called _________________ and ____________________ layers of the pleural membranes | parietal and visceral |
| Plasma membrane | surrounds the cell and regulates/protects chemicals going in or coming out of the cell |
| nucleus | control gene expression and mediate replication of DNA during cell cycle control center of the cell; houses all genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a double layered nuclear envelope |
| mitochondria | performs cellular respiration-takes in nutrients from cell and breaks it down then turns it into energy powerhouse of the cell; release energy |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | produces proteins |
| ribosome | RNA is translated into proteins |
| lysosome | digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, viruses or bacteria "garbage disposals" of the cell; contains enzymes that breakdown nutrients, molecules, and foreign invaders |
| centrioles | organizes cell division in animal cell, formatting of spindle fibers |
| golgi complex | transport of lipids around the cell, creation of lysosomes. Modifies, sorts, and packages of proteins for secretion |
| there are three layers of cells of epithelial tissue | simple, stratified, and pseudostratified |
| simple epithelial | one layer of cells involved in filtration, secretion, and absorption |
| stratified epithelial | more than one layer of cells. deepest layer of mitotic cells. Found on subjects to wear and tear |
| pseudostratified epithelial | simple epithelium where all of the cells touch the basement membrane but not all extend to outside surface |
| connective tissue | very diverse and contains blood vessels and nerves. composed of cells separated by non living material called matrix. |
| three types of connective tissue | connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, supporting connective tissue |
| muscle tissue | fibers that have the ability to contract and relax. |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| nervous tissue | neurons and neuroglia |
| what type of tissue is capable of contraction and relaxation | muscle tissue |
| what type of tissue generates impulses | nervous/neural tissue |
| what type of tissue binds tissue together | connective tissue |
| sagittal plane | vertical cut separates right part from left. Just left and right parts. |
| transverse | horizontal cut |
| superior | Towards the head or above |
| inferior | away from the head, towards the tail |
| posterior | structures are toward the back of the body |
| medial | toward the midline |
| What is the smallest unit that can carry out the functions of life? | cells |
| This system in the human body returns proteins and fluid to blood. | lymphatic |
| Which of the following structural level of organization is the most complex? | organ system level |
| The acromial region is located | top shoulder |
| The term Antebrachial refers to this area of the body | forearm |
| What fluid is found around joints? | synovial fluid |
| The term crural refers to the area of the body | leg |
| atom | The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element |
| H2O | The most abundant and important inorganic compound found in living systems |
| organelles | Intracellular structures which have specific shapes and functions |
| hydrophilic | The phospho group head on a phospholipid |
| What organ system is responsible for delivering oxygen to the blood and removing the metabolic waste called carbon dioxide? | respiratory |
| lipids | are a group of nonpolar hydrophobic molecules composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen; include fats and oils. |
| ribose | The structure of a nucleotide includes: a nitrogenous base, a phosphate, and |
| carpals | form the framework of the hand |
| what is not a characteristic of life? | balance |
| two major catagories of body membranes | serous and cutaneous |
| Absorption | passage of substances through certain membrance |
| What is metabolism | physical and chemical changes that occur with in the body |
| Cardiovascular System | transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes EX: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries |
| Digestion System | receives foods and breaks them down into simpler forms that can pass through the cell membranes and be absorbed EX: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines |
| Endocrine System | all glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones, usually particular hormone affects particular group EX: Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, thymus |
| Integumentary System | skin and various organs EX: hair, sweat glands, oil glands, nails |
| Nervous System | uses nerve impulses to communicate electrochemical signals EX: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs |
| List 3 body sections | 1. sagittal 2. transverse 3. coronal |
| Coronal | cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| List the 3 major parts of a cell | 1. nucleus 2. cytoplasm 3. cell membrane |
| Microfilaments and Microtubules | found within microtuble; found within cytoplasm; form cytoplasm |
| Celia | short hair-like structures wused for movement |
| List the 4 types of passive transport | 1. diffussion 2. facilitated diffussion 3. osmosis 4. filtration |
| Diffussion | movement of molecules from area of high concentration to area of low concentration |
| Facilitated Diffusion | takes placce when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane |
| Osmosis | special type of difussion, water diffuses from area of high concentration to area of low concentration |
| Filtration | forces molecules through the membrane force comes from heart pounding |
| Exocytosis | sending something outside the cell from low conetration to high concentration |
| Endocytosis | bringing something inside the cell from low concentration to high concentration |
| 3 types of endocytosis | 1. pinocytosis 2. phagosytosis 3. receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| List 6 stages of cell cycle | 1. interphase 2. prophase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telephase 6. cytokinesis |
| 4 main types of tissues | 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscular 4. nervous |
| Ligaments | connect bone to bone |
| Tendons | connect muscles to bones |
| List the 6 types of connective tissues | 1. loose connective 2. adipose 3. dense connective tissure 4. cartilage 5. bone 6. blood |
| What is the function of loose connective tissue | forms thin, delecate membranes throughout the body |
| Why is cartilage slow to heal | because of the lack of blood supply |
| Interphase | a cell duplicates |
| Prophase | nuclear envelope disappears; chromosomes shorten and thicken |
| Metaphase | chromosomes line up on the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | chromosomes pull apart |
| Telephase | reverse of prophase, nuclear envelope appears |
| Cytokinesis | two separate cells |
| List the 4 functions of adipose tissue | 1. cushions joints and some organs such as kidneys 2. insulates beaneath the skin 3. stores energy in fat molecules 4. lies beneath skin in spaces between muscles, around kidneys, behind surface of heart and around some joints |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulim | doesn't have ribosomes; contains enzymes important in lipid synthesis |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulim | has ribosomes; site of protein synthesis |
| What type of tissue transports materials between interior body cells and the external environment? | blood |
Created by:
randas14
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