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Genetics & Mutations
Science Test - Ellie Pesqualini
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What do the terms homozygous dominant (___) and homozygous recessive mean? (____) | two dominant alleles -___-two recessive allele |
19. What does the genotype Tt mean to geneticists? (___) TT? (___) tt? (___) | heterozygous, hybrid-___-homozygous, purebred-___-homozygous, purebred |
25. What do the terms haploid and diploid mean? | Half the number of chromosomes-___-The full number of chromosomes - body cells |
1. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is…? | heredity |
2. Different forms of the same gene are known as…? | alleles |
3. How many chromosomes are present in a human sex cell? | 23 |
4. What is found inside the nucleus that controls all cell activities? | DNA |
5. What is the set of instructions for each characteristic that are donated by the parent to the offspring called? (This is a section of the DNA) | genes |
6. The actual inherited combination of alleles (Bb, BB, or bb) is known as the offspring’s …? | genotype |
7. The organism’s appearance is known as its..? | phenotype |
8. If two plants are crossed, Tt x Tt, what is the probability that the offspring plants will show the recessive trait? (Hint: use a Punnett square to help you) | 25% |
9. 10. What are two functions of chromosomes? | Determine traits and control all cell processes. |
11. In a DNA molecule, what bases pair together? What bases pair in RNA? | DNA - A and T, C and G. RNA - A and U, C and G |
12. In a DNA strand, what are the sides of the “ladder” made of? the rungs? | Sugar & phosphate molecules; nitrogen bases |
13. What would be the complementary strand to the this DNA sequence: TAGGCTA? | ATCCGAT |
14. How is RNA different from DNA? | RNA has ribose sugar and uracil |
15. What is a mutation? | A change in genetic material |
16. Be able to name and describe the types of mutations. | Substitution, Deletion, Insertion |
17. What was Gregor Mendel’s contribution to genetics? | Traits are inherited, some traits are dominant and some are recessive, two genes control a trait. |
18. How are sex cells different from other human cells? | They have half the number of chromosomes |
20. What does a Punnett square show? | All the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
21. What structures do genes code for? | proteins |
22. What are Chromosomes made of? | DNA |
23. Genes are located on…? | chromosomes |
24. What does the term heterozygous mean? | Two different alleles: Tt |
26. How can mutations be helpful to humans? | genetic diversion and evoloution |
27. How can mutations be harmful to humans? | Can cause disorders, disease |
28. What is a karyotype? | An image of a person's chromosomes arranged in numerical order. A karyotype may be used to look for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure. |
29. How can you tell the difference in a male and female karyotype? | Male karyotype will have an X and a Y chromosome for the 223 pair. Female will have 2 X chromosomes. |
30. What can a karyotype tell you about chromosomal disorders? | It can show where there is a trisomy or a monosomy. |
31. What is a frameshift mutation? | An insertion or deletion in a base pair which disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence. |