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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of the term 'roof'? | The top covering of a building including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or on uprights |
| What is the definition of 'Ridge' in relation to a roof? | The horizontal line of intersection at the top between two sloping planes of a roof. |
| What is the definition of 'Hip' in relation to a roof? | The inclined projecting angle formed by the junction of two adjacent sloping sides of a roof. |
| What is the definition of 'Valley' in relation to a roof? | An intersection of two inclined roof surfaces toward which rainwater flows. |
| What is the definition of 'Gable' in relation to a roof? | The triangular portion of wall enclosing the end of a pitched roof from ridge to eaves. |
| What are 'Dormers' in relation to a roof? | Projecting structures built out from a sloping roof and housing a vertical window or ventilating louver. |
| What is the definition of 'Rake' in relation to a roof? | The inclined usually projecting edge of a sloping roof. |
| What is the definition of a 'Shed' roof? | A roof having a single slope. |
| What is the definition of 'Eave' in relation to a roof? | The overhanging lower edge of a roof. |
| What is the definition of 'Soffit' in relation to a roof? | The underside of an overhanging roof eave. |
| What are the major types of roofs? | Shed, Lean-to Roof, Pent Roof; Gable or Pitch Roof; Hip Roof or Hip and Valley Roof; Pyramidal; Pavilion; Gambrel; Sawtooth; Butterfly; Dome; Conical Roof or Sphire |
| What is the characteristic of a Shed Roof, Lean-to Roof or Pent Roof? | It has only one sloping plane. |
| What are the components of a roof structure? | Hip, Ridge, Dormers, Valley, Eave, Shed, Rake, Gable. |
| What is a Gable Roof? | A roof having a single slope on each side of a central ridge, usually with a gable at one or both ends. |
| What is a Hip Roof? | A roof which slopes upward from all four sides of a building, requiring a hip rafter at each corner. |
| What is a Pyramidal Roof? | A hipped roof that usually has four to six sloping surfaces, terminating in a peak. |
| What is a Pavilion Roof? | A roof hipped equally on all sides, so as to have a pyramidal form |
| What is a Gambrel Roof also known as in Great Britain? | Mansard Roof. |
| What is a Sawtooth Roof? | A series of lean-to roofs covering one building, commonly used in factories for extra light through clerestories. |
| Where is the Butterfly Roof commonly used? | It is a two shed roof where the slopes meet at the center of the building. |
| What is a Dome roof usually found in? | Observatories. |
| What is a Conical Roof or Sphire? | A steep roof of circular section that tapers uniformly from the circular base to a central point. |
| How are flat roofs framed? | In a manner similar to floor joist framing. |
| What are the main components of a gable rafter framing system? | Common Rafters, Collar Ties, Ridge Board, Ridge Beam. |
| What is the function of Common Rafters in a gable rafter framing system? | To extend from a wall plate to a ridge board or ridge beam and support the sheathing and covering of a roof. |
| What is the purpose of Collar Ties in a gable rafter framing system? | To unite two opposing rafters at a point below the ridge, usually in the upper third of the rafter length. |
| What is the function of Ridge Board in a gable rafter framing system? | To be a non-structural horizontal member to which the upper ends of the rafters are aligned and fastened. |
| What is the purpose of Ridge Beam in a gable rafter framing system? | To be a structural horizontal member supporting the upper ends of rafters at the ridge of a roof. |
| What is the main function of a hip rafter in a hip roof framing system? | To form the junction of the sloping sides of a hip roof. |
| What is a jack rafter in the context of hip roof framing? | Any rafter that is shorter than the full length of the roof slope, as one meeting a hip or a valley. |
| What is the function of a hip jack rafter? | To extend from a wall plate to a hip rafter. |
| What is the purpose of a valley jack in hip roof framing? | To extend from a valley rafter to a ridge. |
| What is the role of a valley rafter in a hip roof framing system? | To connect the ridge to the wall plate along a valley. |
| What is a truss? | A structure composed of a combination of members, usually in a triangular arrangement to constitute a rigid framework. |
| What is the function of a chord in a truss? | principal member of a truss: To resist bending |
| What are the two types of chord members in a truss? | The upper or top chord and the lower or bottom chord. |
| What is the function of a web in a truss? | To join the top and bottom chords. |
| What are the two types of web members in a truss? | The vertical web members and the diagonal web members. |
| What is a king post in a truss? | A vertical member extending from the apex of the inclined rafters to the tie beam between the rafters at their lower ends. |
| What is a collar beam in a truss? | A horizontal member which ties together (and stiffens) two opposite common rafters, usually at a point about halfway up the rafters. |
| What is the length of the bottom chord? | Bottom Chord Length. |
| What is the span of the cantilever (out to out of bearings)? | Cantilever Span (Out to Out of Bearings). |
| What is the point where the truss plate is located? | Bearing Point. |
| What is the purpose of the wedge block? | To splice. |
| What is the part of the truss that provides lateral support? | Continuous Lateral Brace. |
| What is a King-post truss? | A structural support for a roof formed by two inclined rafters joined at the apex of their intersection, a horizontal tie beam, connects the rafters near their lower ends, and a vertical central member called a king post. |
| What is a Queen-post truss? | A roof truss having two vertical posts (queen post) between the rafters and the tie beam |
| What is a Howe truss? | A truss having upper and lower horizontal members, between which are vertical and diagonal members |
| What is a Fink truss? | A symmetrical truss, especially used in supporting large sloping roofs |
| What is a Scissors truss? | A type of truss used to support a pitched roof |
| What are the common types of trusses? | King post truss, Queen post truss, Howe truss, Pratt truss, Warren truss, Fink truss, and Fan truss. |
| What are the two types of galvanized iron roofing? | Plain or corrugated. |
| How are the thicknesses of galvanized iron roofing measured? | In terms of 'gauge' from ga. 14 to ga. 30. |
| Which gauge is the most commonly used for roofing? | Gauge 26. |
| What is the standard commercial size width of galvanized iron roofing? | 0.80 m. |
| What is the standard commercial size length range of galvanized iron roofing? | 1.50 m to 3.60 m. |
| What is the standard commercial size of plain G.I. sheet? | 0.90 m x 2.40 m. |
| Apart from roofing, what are the other uses of galvanized iron? | Gutters, flashing, ridge, hip and valley rolls, downspouts and straps for riveting. |
| What is metal seam roofing? | Roofing using plain G.I. sheets. |
| What is batten seam roofing? | A roofing method using plain G.I. sheets. |
| What are clay or cement tile roofing units made of? | Clay or concrete. |
| What are the characteristics of roofing tiles? | Fire-resistant, durable, and require little maintenance. |
| What kind of roof framing is required for tile roofing? | Strong enough to carry the weight of the tiles. |
| What is the underlayment used for installing roofing tiles? | 30 lb. or 45 lb. roofing felt. |
| What special tile units are used at ridges, hips, rakes, and eaves? | Special tile units. |
| What are the characteristics of plain tiles? | Always 265 x 165mm in overall size and require 60 tiles per square meter. |
| Why are plain tiles sometimes referred to as 'double lapped' or 'double lap' tiles? | Because at all critical points there must be a double overlap (three layers of tile) to prevent the ingress of water. |
| What is the characteristic of overlapping tiles? | They overlap the next tile in the same course without interlocking bars. |
| What is the characteristic of interlocking tiles? | They have fully interlocking bars on the upper surface and the opposing 2 sides beneath. |
| What are interlocking tiles sometimes referred to as? | Single lapped or single lap tiles. |
| What is the shape most commonly associated with historic clay roofing tiles? | Convex or rounded tiles, often grouped together generically as 'pan tiles' or 'pantiles'. |
| What are S-tiles in Spanish or S-tiles? | S-shape tiles where one interlocks with the other. |
| What is the characteristic of Barrel or Mission tile? | Tiles where one half-cylinder overlaps another inverted half-cylinder to form a cover and pan (cap and trough) arrangement. |
| What material is used in roof clay tile construction? | Clay tiles. |
| What is the primary material for creating clay tile roofs? | Clay. |
| What type of construction involves the use of clay tiles for roofing? | Roof clay tile construction. |
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