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7th Gr. Unit 3 Vocab
Discovery Education Unit 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | The layer of soft but solid mobile rock found below the lithosphere. The asthenosphere begins about 100 km below Earth's surface and extends to a depth of about 350 km; the lower part of the upper mantle. |
| Continental Drift | The movement of Earth's continents relative to each other |
| Convergent Boundary | A tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move toward each other, causing collisions and subduction zones |
| Divergent Boundary | A tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move away from each other |
| Fault | A crack in a body of rock that the rock can move along |
| Folded Mountain | A mountain formed by large-scale folding and uplift |
| Hot Spot | An anomalously hot, stationary point below the lithosphere where melting of the mantle and crust generates volcanism at Earth's surface |
| Lithosphere | The part of Earth which is composed mostly of rocks; the crust and outer mantle |
| Mantle | The layer of solid rock between Earth’s crust and core |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge | An oceanic rift zone that consists of long mountain chains with a central rift valley; divergent boundary |
| Pangea | The large supercontinent at the end of the Paleozoic Era consisting of all the land on Earth, including all seven continents and other landmasses |
| Plate Tectonics | The theory that describes the movement and recycling of segments of Earth's crust, called tectonic plates |
| Rift Valley | A tectonic valley that forms by extensional stress which causes fracturing and the formation of normal faults |
| Seafloor Spreading | The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates pull away from each other |
| Subduction | The sinking of an oceanic plate beneath a plate of lesser density at a convergent boundary |
| Transform Boundary | a tectonic plate boundary along which plates slide horizontally past one another in opposite directions |
| Aquifer | An underground layer of rock, sand, or gravel that contains water. |
| Coal | A fossil fuel that forms from decomposed plant materials |
| Distillation | Action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling |
| Fossil Fuels | Comes from the decay of organisms buried in sediments that are pressed tightly together for millions of years, at very high temperatures. These nonrenewable resources are rich in energy. They exist as solids, liquids, and gases - some examples of which are coal, petroleum, and natural gas. |
| Geothermal Energy | A natural, renewable energy resource produced by Earth's naturally occurring heat, steam, and hot water |
| Geyser | A fountain of hot water and steam that erupts from the ground |
| Groundwater | Water stored below Earth's surface in soil and rock layers |
| Humus | Dark-colored organic matter in soil that forms from decayed plants and animals |
| Natural Gas | Fossil fuel that exists in the form of a gas: Like all fossil fuels, natural gas formed over many millions of years as ancient dead organisms were gradually compressed and heated deep under Earth’s surface. |
| Nonrenewable | Some things we use, like oil and coal, took millions of years to produce. Once they are used, they cannot be made again or renewed. |
| Oil | A liquid fossil fuel composed primarily of carbon that forms from decomposed plant materials or algae |
| Ore | Minerals in rock that can be extracted and used by people to make things |
| Petroleum | Any form of naturally occurring hydrocarbons |
| Renewable Resource | A natural resource that can be replaced |
| Abiotic | All of the nonliving parts of an ecosystem |
| Antibiotic | A chemical that kills or inhibits growth of bacteria |
| Biomass | The mass of dried living matter in a given area or volume of habitat |
| Biome | A major ecological community such as grassland, tropical rain forest, or desert |
| Biotic | All of the living parts of an ecosystem |
| Carnivore | An animal that eats only other animals |
| Carrying Capacity | Indicates the greatest number of any species that can indefinitely exist within a specific habitat without threatening the existence of other species also living in the habitat |
| Commensalism | A relationship between two species of a plant, animal, or fungus in which one lives with, on, or in the other without damage to either |
| Community | A group of different populations that live together and interact in an environment |
| Competition | The interaction between organisms or species that use the same resources in which the health of one is negatively affected by the presence of the other |
| Consumer | An organism that eats other living things to get energy; an organism that does not produce its own food |
| Decomposer | Organisms which carry out the process of decomposition by breaking down dead or decaying organisms |
| Ecosystem | Consists of living and nonliving things in their environment, that interact with each other and with their environment. |
| Energy Pyramid | A model that shows the available amount of energy in each trophic layer in an ecosystem |
| Food Chain | A model that shows one set of feeding relationships among living things |
| Food Web | A model that shows many different feeding relationships among living things |
| Herbivore | An animal that consumes only plants |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two species of a plant, animal, or fungus in which one lives off the other and both organisms benefit |
| Omnivore | An animal that eats plants as well as other animals |
| Parasite | An organism that lives in or on another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from the host but provides nothing back to that host |
| Parasitism | A certain type of non-mutual relationship found between two different species in which one organism known as the parasite benefits at the expense of the other organism |
| Population | The group of organisms of the same species living in the same area |
| Predator | An animal that hunts and eats another animal |
| Prey | An animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal |
| Primary Consumer | Organisms that consume producers for energy and nutrients |
| Producer | An organism that makes its own food; an organism that does not consume other plants or animals |
| Scavenger | Animal that feeds on animal remains |
| Secondary Consumer | An animal which feeds on primary consumers in the food chain |
| Tertiary Consumer | A third-level consumer that feeds only on secondary consumers |
| Trophic Level | The position an organism occupies at each level of the food chain |
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Mquinteros
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