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Genes

Part B

QuestionAnswer
What is a chromosome? A chromosome is a thread-like structure made up of DNA which controls the function and characteristics of a cell (chromatin)
What are the 3 parts of a DNA? Sugar, Phosphate, and 4 Nitrogenous Bases.
What causes Phenylketonuria? The body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins.
What causes Down Syndrome? It occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosome (amniocentesis).
What causes Huntington Disease? It is a genetic disorder passed down by a parent to a child.
How does genetic engineering work? Genetic engineering is the process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another.
What is Transgenic Organism? Transgenic Organism happens when the genes of a species is transferred to another species.
What is a codon? It is a 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid.
How many amino acids are there in a codon? There 20 amino acids in a codon.
What are the four nitrogenous bases? Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What is protein made up of? A protein is made up of a chain of amino acids.
What do genes transfer from a parent to a child? A gene is a segment of a DNA strand which controls a certain trait. Genes can replicate the height, hair type, and body type of a parent and transfer it to the child.
When does mutation occur? Mutation occurs when teh codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand is changed.
What are mutagens? Mutagens are substances that cause the genes to mutate.
What is cloning? Cloning is creating identical genetic copies of an organism.
What is the purpose of nucleotides? Nucleotides stores chemical energy and serves as building blocks of nucleic acids.
Created by: michaelaaa
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