Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genes
Gr 10 Biology (Part B)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 parts of a DNA? | Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. |
| How many chromosomes in each cell do humans have? | 46 |
| What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)? | Condition where the body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylalanine and causes brain damage. |
| How is Phenylketonuria (PKU) tested? | Tested soon after a baby's birth because it is a genetic disease (mutations in the gene). To test a baby for PKU, take a blood sample to see if they have the protein enzyme. |
| How is Phenylketonuria (PKU) treated? | Treatment involves following a diet very low in protein---protein must be obtained through a special liquid. |
| What causes Down syndrome? | Birth defect caused by an extra chromosome (47 instead of 46). |
| How do you test if a baby has down syndrome? | Using a prenatal test, doctors take the amniotic sac fluid and a micrograph of each of the pairs of chromosome is taken (karyotype). |
| What is Huntington's Disease? | A genetic disorder (passed down from parent to child) that affects nerve cells so that the person loses muscle control. |
| How is Huntington's Disease tested? | A direct DNA screening of the individual for the gene. |
| What are the percentages of an individual getting Huntington's Disease? | If 1 parent has the gene, there is a 50% chance of the person getting the disease. |
| What is DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic acid which makes up a chromosome, is responsible for instructions for the cell or organism. |
| Where is DNA found? | It is found in the cell's nucleus and contains genetic information. |
| What is DNA divided into? | Each chromosome consists of a single molecule of DNA which is divided into segments called genes. |
| Describe what genes do. | Provides instructions for making proteins. Thus, genes control the cell's activities and much of its structure by controlling WHAT PROTEINS are made and WHEN. |
| Why is DNA important? | Because it contains hundreds of thousands of genes and it controls many of a human's features (ex. eye colour), and how each human functions (ex. whether or not you can digest milk). |
| What are amino acids? | Building blocks of protein. They are essential for a human's function and can be consumed through the food you eat (ex. beef, dairy). |
| How are amino acids connected to protein? | When amino acids join together to form a chain (protein) which carries out a specific task set out from the DNA (ex. muscle development, hormones). |
| Give some effects of having Down Syndrome. | A lower IQ, a flattened face, slanted almond eyes, small head, short neck, more prone to eye/dental/hearing problems, behavioral issues, poor muscle tone, and many physical drawbacks. |
| What is codon? | A 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid. |
| How many amino acids are there? How many are essential? | There are 20 amino acids and 9 are essential. |
| What is genetic engineering? | The process of combining genes from one organism to another. |
| What is the goal of genetic engineering? | Aims to modify the genes to enhance the capabilities of the organism beyond the norm. |
| What is a transgenic organism? | A genetically modified (GMO) whose genes are altered or genes from another species are inserted. |
| What is chromatin? | The complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. |
| What is the function of chromatin? | To package and organize the DNA molecules. |
| What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA? | Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). |
| What does the specific sequence of the four nitrogenous bases do? | Their specific sequences form the genetic code, determining an organism's traits. |
| What are nucleotides? | They are building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base |
| How do mutations happen? | When there are changes in the DNA due to errors in DNA replication, exposure to mutagens or other factors. |
| How do mutagens contribute to the occurrence of mutations? | Substances or agents that can induce mutations in DNA, leading to genetic changes. |
| What are examples of mutagens? | Chemicals such as tobacco smoke, UV radiation from sunlight, X-rays, and certain viruses. |
| What is cloning? | Process of making an exact copy of an organism. |
Created by:
demizq
Popular Biology sets