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Dissections Study
Dissections study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| medial | towards the middle or center |
| Lateral | on the side |
| proximal | nearer to the center of the body or point of attachment |
| distal | sites located away from the center of the body |
| superior | towards the head-end of the body |
| inferior | towards the bottom/away from the head of the body |
| anterior | in front of/ the front surface |
| posterior | the back of |
| ventral | to the front of (synonym of anterior) |
| dorsal | back portion (synonym of posterior) |
| deep | away from the surface/further into the body |
| superficial | closer to the surface of the body |
| radius | forearm bone along the same side as the thumb |
| ulna | forearm bone along the same side as the pinky finger |
| femur | thigh bone |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| patella | knee cap |
| tibia | lower leg bone along the same side as the big toe |
| fibula | lower leg bone along the same side as the pinky toe |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| clavicle | shoulder girdle, collar bone, along the shoulder and chest |
| biceps brachii | biceps (arm muscle) |
| biceps femoris | hamstrings |
| gastrocnemius | Calf |
| triceps | triceps are found on the back of the upper arm and are responsible for arm extension |
| deltiod | deltoid muscles are in your shoulder. Deltoid muscles help you move your arms in different directions. They also protect and stabilize your shoulder joint. |
| latissimus dorsi | covers a large amount of the back (upper/middle back) |
| gluteus maximus | Booty muscles---extension and external rotation of the thigh and hip joint |
| pectoralis major | in the chest area,Its major actions are adduction, or depression, of the arm (in opposition to the action of the deltoideus muscle) and rotation of the arm forward about the axis of the body |
| Achilles tendon | The thickest and strongest tendon in the body, origin=middle of the calf, fuses with gastrocnemius muscle The main function of is the transmission of power from the calf muscles to the heel and the foot. This makes it possible to flex the foot . |
| thoracic organs | organs in the chest area |
| abdominal organs | organs in the belly area |
| Midline | and invisible line up the middle of the body |
| cranial region | head region |
| cervical region | neck region |
| pectoral region | chest region |
| thoracic region | chest region |
| abdomen | belly |
| pelvic region | area around the pelvis |
| Midline | and invisible line up the middle of the body |
| Basic journey of food/digestive system | Mouth->esophagus->stomach->small intestine-> large intestine-> rectum |
| 1st step of digestive system:Mouth | Food is broken down by teeth and saliva in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive enzymes like amylase which help break down complex sugars (starches) |
| 2nd step of digestive system:Esophagus | food travels down the esophagus (the trapdoor that prevents choking is called the epiglottis) the food is pushed down by peristalsis, the waves of muscle contractions |
| 3rd step of the digestive system:stomach | food enters the stomach:glands produce mucus that protects the stomach wall from gastric acid, created by the stomach (about 2 liters daily) and the acid breaks down food. It is made up of HCl, pepsin, the intrinsic factor, and lipase. |
| 4th step of the digestive system:Small intestine | When the food is semi fluid, it enters the small intestine (duodenum area) through the pyloric valve. Then, the villi on the inner lining of the tube absorb nutrients and transfer them to the blood. |
| 3 parts of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| 4 components of gastric acid in the stomach and their uses | Hcl-destorys harmful bacteria, pepsin-breaks down proteins, intrinsic factor-helps to absorb vitamins, lipase breaks down fatty acids |
| villi | small fibres that increase the surface area of the small intestine. Nutrients are absorbed through here and transferred to the blood. |
| difference between large and small intestine? | its diameter |
| Bicarbonate is released from? Why? | the pancreas, It happens to act as a buffer to break down and dilute the acidic content and increases the pH of the chyme (semi-fluid of partly digested food) and it helps activate enzymes. |
| Bile's role is? | It breaks down fat into fatty acid which can be taken into the body with the digestive tract. |
| Where is bile produced? Stored? | in the liver, in the gallbladder |
| 5th step of the digestive system: Large intestine | When the chyme enters the large intestine, the extra water and leftover nutrients are removed. The leftover waste is turned into stool. 100 billion bacteria in the large intestine help with decomposition of fiber. Mucus is added to help with excretion. |
| peristalsis | the contraction of the esophagus and the large intestine to push the food through. |
| 3 parts of the large intestine: | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon |
| What is the role of insulin vs. glucagon in your body? | Glucagon raises blood sugar levels while Insulin lowers it. The two hormones balance each other to keep a healthy blood sugar level. |
| Last step of the digestive system? | Excretion |
| Main regions of the heart? | Right and left atrium and right and left ventricle |
| basic path of blood through the heart? | right atrium->right ventricle->lungs->left atrium->left ventricle->rest of the body |
| Superior vena cava | carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest . It is the largest Vein in the body. |
| inferior vena cava | carries blood from the legs, feet, organs, abdomen, and pelvis |
| left atrium | receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps blood to the left ventricle |
| right atrium | receives oxygen poor blood and pumps blood to the Right ventricle |
| left ventricle | pumps oxygenated blood to the body |
| right ventricle | pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs |
| aorta | The aorta is the largest artery of the body and carries blood from the heart to the circulatory system (blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart) |
| left and right pulmonary veins | responsible for taking oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart |
| aortic valve | between the left ventricle and the aorta to ensure that oxygen-rich blood does not flow back into the left ventricle. |
| left and right pulmonary arteries | right carries blood to the right lung and left carries blood to the left lung |
| chordae tendineae | inelastic/strong fibrous connective tissue that connects the papillary muscles to the valve leaflets (tricuspid and mitral) |
| pulmonary valve | separates the RV from the Pulmonary Artery |
| bicuspid (mitral) valve | Between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| tricuspid valve | controls the flow of blood from the hearts RA to the hearts RV |
| Right pulmonary valve | Drains oxygen-rich blood from the right lung into the left atrium of the heart |
| Left pulmonary valve | takes unoxygenated blood from the pulmonary trunk and transports it to the left lung |
| artery | carries oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| vein | carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart |
| what does lipase do? where does it occur? | breaks down fat. stomach |
| what does amylase do? where does it occur? 2 places | breaks starches into sugar.mouth and stomach |
| what does pepsin do? where does it occur? | breaks down proteins into smaller peptides,. stomach |
| 4 major chambers of the heart? | Right and left ventricles, right and left atriums |
| 4 major valves of the heart? | tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve/bicuspid valve, aortic valve |
| 3 main parts of the brain | Cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem |
| What part of your brain controls the left side of your body? | right side |
| What part of your brain controls the right side of your body? | left side |
| What 4 lobes are found in the Cerebrum? | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
| What does the Frontal lobe do? | Controls how you move, think, and remember things. |
| what does the parietal lobe do? | Recieves and processes sensory information. |
| what does the temporal lobe do? | Processes auditory information and helps with memory |
| what does the occipital lobe do? | Responsible for decoding information from the eyes |
| What is the difference between “skill memory” and “long term memory” in terms of brain activity location? | Skill memory goes in the cerebellum, and long term memory goes in the hippocampus. |
| How does alcohol affect your brain? | Alcohol is a neurotoxin that can disrupt communications of the brain. This can lead to intellectual impairment, headaches, memory loss, slowed thinking, slurred speech, and trouble with balance and coordination. |
| what are ligaments | connect bone to bone |
| what are tendons | connect muscle to bone |
| what does bicarbonate do | raises ph in the small intestine |
Created by:
ElenadeAnaSkinner
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