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Mitosis
Gr 10 Biology (Part C)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the main phases of the cell cycle? | Interphase (Growth Phase [G1 & G2] and Synthesis Phase [S]), and then mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase). |
| What is interphase? | Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle. It is divided into two parts --> G1, G2, and synthesis. |
| What happens during G1? | The cell grows and develops its organelles. |
| What is mitosis? | Mitosis is the process where a cell divides its nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. It has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
| What happens during prophase? | During prophase, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers begin to form. |
| What happens during metaphase? | During metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, called the metaphase plate, and the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome. |
| What happens during anaphase? | During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers. |
| What happens during telophase? | During telophase, the separated chromosomes reach the opposite sides of the cell, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense back into chromatin. |
| What are cell checkpoints? | Cell checkpoints are control mechanisms that ensure the proper progression of the cell cycle and prevent the division of cells with damaged DNA or other abnormalities. |
| What is cytokinesis? | Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that follows mitosis, resulting in two separate daughter cells. |
| What is apoptosis? | Apoptosis is a cell's self-destruction when it is too old to function remove damaged or unnecessary cells. |
| Describe normal cells. | Normal cells can undergo mitosis 50-60 times. They have a "suicide gene" in it's DNA that activates when the cell if damaged beyond repair or if the cell is infected by a virus or bacteria. |
| Describe cancer cells. | Cancer cells can undergo mitosis an unlimited number of times. It never dies on it's own and does not function normally. It's DNA becomes mutated by genetics or mutagens. |
| What are tumour cells? | When cancer cells grow and divide uncontrollably, it leads to the formation of tumors. Tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), |
| What happens during synthesis phase (S)? | The chromosomes replicate in the nucleus (duplicating the chromosomes so that there is enough for division). |
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demizq
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