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Genes
Part B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a chromosomes? | A thread like structure made up of DNA which control the function and characteristic of a cell (chromatin). Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. |
| what is it called when the chromosomes is a string | a Chromatin |
| what are the 3 parts of a DNA? | Phosphate, Sugar (deoxylibose) these 2 are the backbones, and the last one is the 4 nitrogenous bases. |
| What are the 4 nitrogenous Bases? | . The 4 nitrogenous are adenine(A), thymine(T), guanine(G), cytosine(C). Adenine and Thymine opposite, and Guanine and Cytosine opposite. |
| What is a Codon? | 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases makes up certain amino acid. There are 20 amino acid. |
| What is a Nucleotide? | A nucleotide is the ladder like shape with the 4 nitrogenous bases with Adenine and Thymine opposite, and Guanine and Cytosine opposite. |
| What is Amino acid/ Protein? | Amino acid joined together to form a chain(protein) which caries out a specific task set out from the DNA. (EX. muscle development, enzymes, hormones. |
| what is a segment of a DNA strand which control a certain trait of an individual. (ex. height type, hair type, body type. ) | A Gene |
| What is it called when the body does not have the enzymes to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins - causes brain damage. | phenylketonuria(PKU)? |
| What is Down Syndrome? | this occurs when the embryo have an extra chromosomes, so instead of a pair 23 times, one of the pair will have 3 chromosomes. |
| What is the name of a disease that affect nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control? | Huntington disease |
| What is DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic acid which makes up a chromosomes, is responsible for instructions for the cell or organism. |
| What is it called when a genetically modified organism (GMO) whose gene are altered or genes from other species are inserted. | Transgenic Organism |
| What is the test for Down syndrome? | Test(amniocentesis) - amniotic sac fluid is withdrawn and a micro graph of each of the pair of chromosomes is taken (karyotype) |
| What is the test for phenylketonuria(PKU)? | Test - test a babies blood top see if they have the protein enzymes. |
| What is the test for Huntington disease? | Test - a DNA screening of the individual for the gene. If one parent has the gene, you have a 50% chance of getting the disease. |
| What is the process of combining genes(DNA) from one organism to another? | Genetic engineering |
| This occurs when the codon sequence change and creates an abnormality which makes the protein unable to function properly | Mutation |
| What is a Mutagens? | Radiation or substance that causes the gene to mutate. Mutagen not in the gene segment does not change the trait of the organism. |
| What is cloning? | Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. The copied material, which has the same genetic is a clone |
Created by:
Billylin
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