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Mitosis
Part C
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many parts are there in interphase? | 3 |
| What occurs at the 1st Growth phase and 2? | The cell is growing & developing its organelles; second phase it does the same but also prepared for mitosis |
| When do chromosomes replicate in the nucleus? | Synthesis phase; x2 chromosomes |
| When does the whole cell divide itself into 2 daughter cells? | During Mitosis - type of cell division |
| What stage do centrioles move to opposite poles in the cell? | Prophase ; nuclear envelope also disappears & chromosomes coil into visible structures |
| What stages are the chromosomes doubled (46 pairs)? | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, telophase |
| During Metaphase, where do spindle fibres attach onto? | The centromere - middle of chromosome Spindle fibres attach onto the chromosomes & line them up in the middle |
| When do spindle fibres retract? | During Anaphase - they pull half of the chromosomes towards each centriole |
| When are the spindle fibres back in the centriole? | During Telophase - nuclear envelopes start to form back around BOTH sets of chromosomes Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin |
| When does a cell separate into 2 daughter cells (copies)? | During Cytokinesis - cell membrane pinches off the middle & separates |
| How many main points on the cell cycle are there where proteins determine whether the cell should divide or not? | 3 cell checkpoints - if it does not pass; it is repaired or destroyed |
| What happens at the first cell checkpoint during 1st Growth Phase? | Checks is there is a lack of nutrients to support growth |
| What happens at the second cell checkpoint during Synthesis Phase? | Checks if DNA does not replicate or have been damaged |
| What happens at the third cell checkpoint during Metaphase in Mitosis? | Checks if the chromosomes have not attached themselves to spindle fibres & have not moved to opposite poles during anaphase |
| What happens during apoptosis? | Cells die when they are too old to function It is a process carried out by lysosomes Has a specialized function |
| How many times does a normal cell undergo Mitosis? | 50-60 times ( when it is reached - die) |
| When does the "suicide gene" inside a cell's DNA activate? | 1. If cell is damaged beyond repair 2. If cell is infected by virus or bacteria |
| How many times can a Cancer cell undergo Mitosis? | Unlimited number of times (BAD - cell loses its function) |
| How do tumors form? | They are cells that clump together due to an uncontrollable urge to divide Never die on their own |
| Why do Cancer cells not function normally? | Because its DNA becomes mutated by genetic, smoking, etc. |
| What are the two types of tumors? | Malignant - Cancerous Benign - Non-cancerous or precancerous |
Created by:
taigey_baigey
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