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Mitosis

SNC 2D5 Study Stack Part C

QuestionAnswer
Explain the first checkpoint. The first checkpoint is during the first growth phase where the cell determines if it has sufficient nutrients to support growth.
Explain the second checkpoint. The second checkpoint is during the synthesis phase where the cells dies if it cannot replicate its DNA strands or they have been damaged.
Explain the third checkpoint. The third checkpoint is during metaphase where if the chromosomes have not been attached to the spindle fibres, they die because they cannot be pulled to the opposite side during anaphase.
What is interphase? Interphase is every stage before mitosis and the cell prepares for division by growing and developing.
What is mitosis? Mitosis is while the cell is preparing to divide into two daughter cells.
Explain the growth phases. The cell grows and develops it organelles at this stage.
What happens during the synthesis phase? During the synthesis phase, the chromosomes replicate themselves in the nucleus.
What happens during prophase? The centrioles move to the opposite poles, the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes coil up into visible structures.
What happens during metaphase? Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the chromosomes and line them up in the middle.
What happens during anaphase? Spindle fibres retract and pull half of the chromosomes towards each centriole.
What happens during telophase? The spindle fibres are back in the centrioles and there are now two nuclei. Nuclear envelopes start to reform around both sets of chromosomes and the chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin.
Explain cytokinesis. How is its occurrence in animal cells? Cytokinesis is when the cell divides. With animal cells, the cell membrane pinches off in the middle creating two daughter cells.
Explain cytokinesis in a plant cell? The golgi body produces vesicles with sacs containing material for a new cell wall. These sacs line up along the middle creating a cell plate that grows outward to the old cell wall. A new cell wall is secreted on each side and the cell divides.
What is apoptosis and which organelle carries out this function? Apoptosis is when cells die when they are too old to function. The lysosomes carry out this function.
How are cancer cells different from normal cells? Cancer cells can undergo mitosis unlimited times, never die on their own, and do not function normally.
What is a tumour? When cells clump together due to an uncontrollable urge to divide, a tumour forms.
Created by: AzaanI
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