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Genes

Part B

QuestionAnswer
What is a chromosome? Proteins that contain DNA which has coded information for making molecules
What is chromatin? Half of a chromosome
What are the 3 parts of a DNA? Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and 4 nitrogenous bases
What are nitrogeneous bases? Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)
What are codons? A 3-nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid (there are 20 amino acids)
What is a nucleotide? A "rung" of the DNA
What are amino acids/proteins? Amino acids join together to form a chain (protein) which carries out a specific type set out from DNA
What is a gene? A segment of a DNA strand which controls a certain trait of an individual
What is Phenylketonuria and what are the symptoms? The body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins (inability to digest good causes brain damage)
What is Down Syndrome and what are the symptoms? Occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosome in pair 21 (the face appears deformed)
What is Huntington's Disease and what are the symptoms? A disease that affects nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control (muscle spasms)
What is a transgenic organism with an example? A genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered or genes from other species are inserted
What is genetic engineering with an example? The process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another
What are genetic mutations with examples? Occurs when the codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand is changed in the order it was in, which creates an abnormality of the protein the codon makes which means the protein cannot do its function properly (ex. hemoglobin)
What is a mutagen with examples? Radiation or substances that cause the genes to mutate. Mutagens that affect codons not in the gene segment does not change any traits of the organism (ex. radiation, vaping, smoking, eating plastics, etc.)
What is cloning? An identical copy of one's DNA
Created by: Ashley_Lin
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