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Mitosis
Part C
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Interphase: what is the 1st growth phase (g1)? | Cell is growing and developing its organelles |
Interphase: what is the synthesis (s) phase? | The chromosomes replicate in the nucleus (doubles the number of chromosomes) |
Mitosis: what is prophase (p)? | Centrioles move to opposite poles (opposite ends). Nuclear envelope disappears. Chromosomes coil up into a visible structure. |
Mitosis: what is metaphase (m)? | Spindle fibres attach onto the chromosomes and line them up in the middle |
Mitosis: what is anaphase (a)? | Spindle fibres retract and pull half the chromosomes toward each centriole |
Mitosis: what is telophase (t)? | Spindle fibres are back in the centrioles. Nuclear envelopes starts to form back around both sets of chromosomes. Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin |
What are the cell checkpoints? | 1. Lack of nutrients to support growth (interphase) 2. The DNA strands have not been replicated or have been damaged (interphase) 3. The chromosomes have not attached themselves to the spindle fibres and have not moved to the opposite poles during a (m) |
What is cytokinesis? | Cell membrane pinches off in the middle and separates into 2 daughter cells (identical copies) |
What is apoptosis? | When cells die when it is too old to function. Function is carried out by the lysosomes and has a specialized function |
What is a cancer cell? | Never dies on its own, can undergo mitosis an unlimited number of times, does not function normally, its DNA becomes mutated |
What are the two types of tumors? | Benin (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) |